Vulgate manuscripts

The Vulgate (/ˈvʌlɡeɪt, -ɡət/) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible that was to become the Catholic Church's officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible during the 16th century, and is still used in the Latin Church to this day. The text of the Vulgate is kept in numerous manuscripts.

A page from the Codex Amiatinus.

History

The Vulgate exists in many forms. The Codex Amiatinus is the oldest surviving complete manuscript; it dates from the 8th century.

A number of early manuscripts containing or reflecting the Vulgate survive today. Dating from the 8th century, the Codex Amiatinus is the earliest surviving manuscript of the complete Vulgate Bible. The Codex Fuldensis, dating from around 547, contains most of the New Testament in the Vulgate version, but the four gospels are harmonized into a continuous narrative derived from the Diatessaron.

Alcuin of York oversaw efforts to make an improved Vulgate, which most ague he presented to Charlemagne in 801. He concentrated mainly on correcting inconsistencies of grammar and orthography, many of which were in the original text. More scholarly attempts were made by Theodulphus, Bishop of Orléans (787?–821); Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury (1070–1089); Stephen Harding, Abbot of Cîteaux (1109–1134); and Deacon Nicolaus Maniacoria (mid-12th century). The University of Paris, the Dominicans, and the Franciscans following Roger Bacon assembled lists of correctoria; approved readings where variants had been noted.[1] Many of the readings that were recommended were later found to be interpolations, or survivals of the Vetus Latina text, since medieval correctors commonly sought to adjust the Vulgate text into consistency with Bible quotations found in early Church Fathers.

List of manuscripts

Old Testament

List of some manuscripts from the Stuttgart Vulgate (officially known as Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem) with siglum from the same source; no name means the Stuttgart Vulgate did not give it a name, no provenance means the Stuttgart Vulgate did not give it a provenance:

Old Testament manuscripts *sigla* per *Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem[2]*
Sigla	Name	Approx. date	Prov.	Content	Custodian
D	—	8th century	Lugdunum	Sam, Rg, Pa	Municipal Lib. of Lyon
D	—	8th century	Northumbria	Job	Russian National Lib.
F	—	8th century	Gaul	Deut–Ruth	National Lib. of France
F	Psalt. Corbeiense triplex	8th century	—	Ps (G&H)	Russian National Lib.
G	Pentateuchus Turonensis	6th-7th century	—	Gen–Num	National Lib. of France
G	Sangermanensis	9th century	—	Par, Esr, Est, Prv, Sap, Sir	National Lib. of France
H	Cathach S. Columbae	7th century	Hibernia	Psalms (G)	Royal Irish Academy
I	—	10th century	—	Ps (G&H)	Municipal Lib. of Rouen
K	—	8th century	Italia	Ezra–Job	Cathedral Lib. of Cologne
K	Psalt. Augiense triplex	9th century	Augia	Ps (G&H)	Baden State Library
L	—	9th century	Würzburg	Deut–Ruth	Bodleian Library
L	—	9th century	Lugdunum	Ezra	Municipal Lib. of Lyon
L	Laureshamensis	6th-7th century	Italia merid.	Tobit–Job	Vatican Library
L	Psalt. Lugdunense	5th-6th century	Lugdunum	Psalms (G)	Municipal Lib. of Lyon + National Lib. of France
L	—	9th century	Tours	Psalms (H)	British Museum
M	Maurdramni	8th century	Corbie	Ios–Rt, Dn–Mal, Mcc, Prv–Sir, Ez	Municipal Lib. of Amiens

New Testament

Vulgate of Mark 1:1ff in an illuminated manuscript held at Autun

Identification

The list of manuscripts below is based on citations in Novum Testamentum Graece (NA27) and The Greek New Testament (UBS4). Each manuscript is identified first by its siglum (the first column, s., in the table), as given by the critical apparatus of the editions mentioned. These sigla are related to content, so are not unique. For example, the letter S refers to Codex Sangallensis 1395 in the gospels, but to Codex Sangallensis 70 in the Pauline epistles. So sigla need disambiguation. In the table below, this is done by providing a full name. Additionally, the standard unique serial number for each manuscript is provided. Taken together sigla, name and number provide unambiguous identification, and some further information regarding the content, history and relationship of manuscripts.

Sigla, names and numbers exist to serve different scholastic purposes. Sigla, in the context of reference to an original document, provide unique and concise identification of witnesses to the text of that original, suited to minimizing the space taken by citation in a critical apparatus. Names, on the other hand, normally refer to specific handwritten volumes (often including other text), either as originally bound or in their current form. Names are typically Latin, and can refer to the place of composition (Codex Sangallensis, "Book from St. Gall") or rediscovery (Stonyhurst Gospel), the current location (Liber Ardmachanus, "Book of Armagh"), a famous owner (Codex Bezae, "Theodore Beza's Book"), a volume's function (Liber Comicus, "The Lectionary"), or can even refer to physical characteristics of a volume (Codex Gigas, "The Huge Book" or Codex Aureus, "The Gold Book"). The Book of Mulling is also known as Liber Moliensis after the name of the scribe, as tradition has it.

It must also be observed that certain Latin NT manuscripts may present a mixture of Vulgate and Vetus Latina texts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g¹ ) is Vetus Latina in Matthew, but Vulgate in the rest of the Gospels. Also, the text of John in Codex Veronensis is believed to be part Vetus Latina and part Vulgate.

List

New Testament manuscripts *sigla* per *Novum Testamentum Graece* and *The Greek New Testament*
Sigla	Name	Approx. date	Content	Custodian
C	Codex Cavensis	850	Gosp–Paul; Rev	Archivio della Badia della Santissima Trinità (Cava de' Tirreni)
D	Codex Durmachensis	650	Gospels	Trinity College, Dublin
F	Codex Fuldensis	541—46	New Testament	Hochschul- und Landesbibliothek Fulda
G	Codex Sangermanensis I	850	New Testament	BnF
I	—	800		Biblioteca Vallicelliana (Rome)
K	—	850	Paul	Baden State Library (Karlsruhe)
L	Lectionarium Luxoviense	700	General
M	Codex Mediolanensis	550	Gospels
N	—	450	Gospels	Bibliothèque Municipale National Library of France (Autun, Paris)
P	—	600	Gospels
R	Codex Reginensis	750	Paul	Vatican Library
R	—	600	General	Biblioteca Capitolare, Verona
S	Codex Sangallensis 1395	450	Gospels	Abbey of St. Gall
S	Codex Sangallensis 2	750	Acts; Rev	Abbey of St. Gall
S	Codex Sangallensis 70	750	Paul	Abbey of St. Gall
S	Codex Sangallensis 907	750	General	Abbey of St. Gall
Z	Codex Harleianus	550	Gospels	British Museum
Λ	Codex Legionensis	—	Acts–Rev	Basilica of San Isidoro
11A	Cod. M. p. th. f. 67		Gospels	University of Würzburg

Complete bibles

Complete bibles manuscripts *sigla* per *Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem*, *Novum Testamentum Graece* and *The Greek New Testament*
Sigla	Name	Approx. date	Prov.	Content	Custodian
A[2]	Amiatinus	8th century	Northumbria	Bible	Laurentian Library
C[2]	Cavensis	9th century	Hispania	Bible without Cath	Monte Cassino
C	Codex Complutensis I	927	Bible	Bibl. Univ. Centr. 31	Madrid
T	Codex Toletanus	950	Bible	National Library of Spain	Madrid
Θ	Codex Theodulphianus	950	Bible	Bibliothèque nationale de France	Paris

References

Linde, Cornelia (2011). How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century. Medium Ævum Monographs 29. Oxford: Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature. ISBN 9780907570226.
Weber, Robert; Gryson, Roger, eds. (2007). "Index codicum et editionum". Biblia sacra : iuxta Vulgatam versionem. Oliver Wendell Holmes Library, Phillips Academy (5th ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. XLIII–XLV. ISBN 978-3-438-05303-9.

External links

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[1] Linde, Cornelia (2011). How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century. Medium Ævum Monographs 29. Oxford: Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature. ISBN 9780907570226.

[:0-2] Weber, Robert; Gryson, Roger, eds. (2007). "Index codicum et editionum". Biblia sacra : iuxta Vulgatam versionem. Oliver Wendell Holmes Library, Phillips Academy (5th ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. XLIII–XLV. ISBN 978-3-438-05303-9.