Vsevolod Garshin

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin (Russian: Всеволод Михайлович Гаршин; 14 February 1855 — 5 April 1888) was a Russian author of short stories.

Vsevolod Garshin
Portrait of Vsevolod Garshin by Ilya Repin
BornVsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin
(1855-02-14)February 14, 1855
Ekaterinoslav Province, Russia
DiedApril 5, 1888(1888-04-05) (aged 33)
Saint Petersburg, Russia
Nationality Russian
RelativesYevgeny Garshin
Military career
Allegiance Russian Empire
Service/branch Imperial Russian Army
Battles/warsRusso-Turkish War of 1877-78

Life

Garshin was the son of an officer, from a family tracing its roots back to a 15th-century prince, who entered into the service of Ivan the Great.[1] He attended secondary school and then the Saint Petersburg Mining Institute. He volunteered to serve in the army at the start of the Russo-Turkish War in 1877. He participated in the Balkans Campaign as a private, and was wounded in action. He was promoted to the rank of an officer at the end of the war. He resigned his commission soon after in order to devote his time to literary efforts. He had previously published a number of articles in newspapers, mostly reviews of art exhibitions.[2]

His experiences as a soldier provide the basis for his first stories, including the very first, "Four Days" (Russian: "Четыре дня"), based on a real incident. The narrative is organized as the interior monologue of a wounded soldier left for dead on the battlefield for four days, face to face with the corpse of a Turkish soldier he had killed. Garshin's empathy for all beings is already evident in this first story.

Despite early literary success, he had periodical bouts of mental illness. Garshin attempted to commit suicide by throwing himself down the stone stairs leading to his apartment building. Although not immediately fatal, he died as a result of his injuries in a hospital in April 1888, at the age of 33.[3]

Work

Garshin's work is not voluminous: it consists of some twenty stories, all of them included in a single volume. His stories are characterized by a spirit of compassion and pity that some have compared to Dostoevsky's.[4]

In A Very Short Novel he examines the infidelity of a woman to a crippled hero. The story displays Garshin's talent for concentration and lyrical irony. That Which Was Not and Attalea Princeps are fables with animals and plants in human situations. The second of these stories has a sense of tragic irony.[5] In Officer and Servant he is a forerunner of Chekhov; it is an excellently constructed story conveying an atmosphere of drab gloom and meaningless boredom. From the Reminiscences of Private Ivanov — the title story in the most recent English language collection of Garshin's work — has the same Russo-Turkish War setting of Four Days, and includes as minor players the characters from Officer and Servant.

His best-known and most characteristic story is The Red Flower; it fits in the series of lunatic-asylum stories in Russian literature[5] (including Gogol's Diary of a Madman (1835), Leskov's Hare Remise (1894) and Chekhov's Ward No. 6 (1892)).

In 1883 Garshin was the model for the younger in Ilya Repin's painting Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan.[6]

  • Garshin in 1877, during his service in the Russo-Turkish War
  • Vsevolod M. Garshin. Portrait by Ilya Repin (1883)
  • Garshin as Ivan the Terrible's son
  • Garshin in 1885
  • 1885 cover of The Red Flower by Garshin
  • Garshin at his funeral in 1888
  • Garshin's grave in Saint Petersburg

References
  1. Peter Henry, A Hamlet of His Time, Vsevolod Garshin: The Man, His Works, and His Milieu, Willem A. Meeuws (1983), p. 27
  2. Terras, Victor (1991). A History of Russian Literature. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 464–465. ISBN 978-0-300-04971-8.
  3. "Introduction to 'The Signal and Other Stories, by W. M. Garshin". Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  4. "ФЭБ: Евнин. Ф. М. Достоевский и В. М. Гаршин. — 1962 (текст)". Next.feb-web.ru. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  5. Mirsky, D.S. A History of Russian Literature.
  6. Valkenier, Elizabeth Kridl (January 1993). "The Writer as Artist's Model: Repin's Portrait of Garshin". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 28: 207–216. doi:10.2307/1512927. JSTOR 1512927. S2CID 155366014.

 This article incorporates text from D.S. Mirsky's "A History of Russian Literature" (1926-27), a publication now in the public domain.

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