Viracocha Inca

Viracocha (in hispanicized spelling) or Wiraqucha (Quechua, the name of a god) was the eighth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco (beginning around 1410) and the third of the Hanan dynasty.

Viracocha
Sapa Inca (8th)
Reign	c.1410–1438
Predecessor	Yawar Waqaq
Successor	Pachacuti
Born	c. 1380 Cusco, Peru
Died	c. 1448 Around Cusco, Peru
Consort	Mama Runtu
Issue	Pachacuti
Full name Hatun Tupaq or Ripaq
Quechua	Wiraqucha
Dynasty	Hanan
Father	Yawar Waqaq

His father was Yawar Waqaq. His wife's name was Mama Runtucaya, and their sons included Inca Rocca, Tupac Yupanqui, Pachacuti and Ccapac Yupanqui. His original name was Hatun Tupaq Inca, but was named Viracocha after seeing visions of the god in Urcos. With Ccuri-chulpa, he had two additional sons, Inca Urco and Inca Socso.[1]^:54–57

Events in Viracocha Inka's life have been recorded by several Spanish writers. The source closest to the original indigenous accounts comes from Juan de Betanzos, a Spanish commoner who rose to prominence by marrying an Inka princess and becoming the foremost translator for the colonial government of Cusco. Traditional oral histories of the Inka have been recorded by the Spanish Jesuit Bernabe Cobo. According to these accounts, including a widely recognized sixteenth century chronology written by Miguel Cabello Balboa, Viracocha Inka was a "warlike" and "valiant" prince. As a young man, Viracocha declared that after he took the throne "he would conquer half the world".

However, in 1438 when, according to Cobo, the Chanka offensive took place, Viracocha was advised to leave Cusco before the Chanca attack. He left for Caquia Xaquixahuana, taking his illegitimate sons, Inca Urco and Inca Socso. However, his third son, Cusi Inca Yupanqui (later famous as the Emperor Pachacuti) refused to abandon Cuzco and the House of the Sun. He remained with his brother Inca Rocca and six other chiefs, who together defeated the Chancas. The spoils were offered to Inca Viracocha to tread on, but he refused, stating Inca Urco should do so, as his successor. Inca Rocca later killed his brother Urco, and Inca Viracocha died of grief in Caquia Xaquixahuana.[1]^{:58–59,61–61,71}

One chronicler, Sarmiento de Gamboa, states that Viracocha was the first Incan to rule the territories he conquered, while his predecessors merely raided and looted them. His captains, Apu Mayta and Vicaquirau, subdued the area within 8 leagues of Cuzco.[1]^:54,56–57

References

1. de Gamboa, P.S., 2015, History of the Incas, Lexington, ISBN 9781463688653

Bibliography

• Cobo, B. (1990) [1653]. Inca Religion and Customs. University of Texas Press.
• Betanzos, J. D. (1996) [1557]. Narrative of the Incas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Mann, Charles (2006). 1491-New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. Vintage Books. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-1-4000-3205-1.