Viola bertolonii

Viola bertolonii is a species of violet known by the common name Bertoloni's pansy, belonging to the Violaceae family.

Viola bertolonii
Plants of Viola bertolonii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species:
V. bertolonii
Binomial name
Viola bertolonii
Pio emend. Merxm. et Lippert
Synonyms
  • Viola heterophylla subsp. epirota
    (Halácsy) W.Becker
  • Viola heterophylla
    Bertol. non Poir.
  • Viola heterophylla var. messanensis W. Becker [= Viola bertolonii subsp. messanensis]

Etymology

The genus name, derived from the Latin word “viere” meaning “to tie”, possibly refers to the flexuosity of these plants. The species epithet honors the Italian botanist Antonio Bertoloni (1775–1869).

Description
Close-up on a flower of Viola bertolonii

The biological form of Viola bertolonii is hemicryptophyte scapose,[1] as its overwintering buds are situated just below the soil surface and the floral axis is more or less erect with a few leaves. It has a particularly low chromosome number (2n = 20) and possibly dates back to the late Tertiary.

Viola bertolonii is a rare herbaceous perennial plant with a prostrate-ascending stem about 5–15 centimetres (2.0–5.9 in) high.[1] The basal leaves are small, from round to oval, with an elongated petiole, while the upper leaves are linear and narrow, with pinnate stipules. The large blue-violet flowers have a corolla of about 2–4 centimetres (0.79–1.57 in) wide. The flowering period extends from April through June.[1]

Distribution

It is an endemic with a quite restricted distribution range. It is only present in south eastern France (possibly) and in north western Italy,[1][2] in the Apennines of Liguria (Regional Park of Monte Beigua, Piani di Praglia, Monte Pracaban, Monte Leco, Punta Martin) and Piedmont (Natural Park of Capanne di Marcarolo).

Habitat

The species is strictly associated with ultramafic serpentine substrates. It grows on ophiolites in mountain environments in meadows and rocky slopes, at an altitude of 600–1,000 metres (2,000–3,300 ft) above sea level.[1]

Subspecies
  • Viola bertolonii subsp. bertolonii
  • Viola bertolonii subsp. messanensis[3][4]
  • Plants of Viola Bertolonii
  • Plants of Viola Bertolonii
  • Plant of Viola Bertolonii
  • Flowers of Viola Bertolonii
  • Flowers of Viola Bertolonii

References
  1. Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. Vol. II, pag. 110
  2. Distribution in Grin.gov
  3. Subspecies in Biolib
  4. Paola Gastaldo - Compendio della flora officinale italian - Ediz. Piccin, pag. 220
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