Verticordia aurea

Verticordia aurea, commonly known as buttercups is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a slender, sometimes bushy shrub with a single stem at the base, cylindrical leaves and heads of scented, golden-yellow flowers in spring.

Verticordia aurea

Priority Four — Rare Taxa (DEC)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Verticordia
Subgenus: Verticordia subg. Chrysoma
Section: Verticordia sect. Chrysorhoe
Species:
V. aurea
Binomial name
Verticordia aurea

Description

Verticordia aurea is a slender, sometimes bushy shrub with a single main stem and which grows to a height of 0.7–1.2 m (2–4 ft) and 15–45 cm (6–20 in) wide. The leaves are linear in shape, almost circular in cross-section and 10–30 mm (0.4–1 in) long, with those low on the branchlets longer than those nearer the flowers. The leaves have a pointed end.[2]

The flowers are scented and arranged in a corymb on the ends of the branches, each flower on a stalk 10–27 mm (0.4–1 in) long. The floral cup is shaped like half a sphere, 1.5–2 mm (0.06–0.08 in) long, has 10 ribs and a warty surface. The sepals are golden-yellow in colour, 3.5–4 mm (0.14–0.16 in) long, with 6 to 9 feather-like lobes. The petals are also golden-yellow, 4–4.5 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long and almost circular in shape with a serrated edge. The style is about 4 mm (0.2 in) long, straight and glabrous. Flowering time is from September to December.[2]

The species is closely allied to Verticordia nitens and V. patens, the three members of Verticordia sect. Chrysorhoe, from which it is most easily distinguished by its larger, more deeply yellow or golden flowers.

Taxonomy and naming

Verticordia aurea was first formally described by Alex George in 1991 and the description was published in Nuytsia from specimens collected south of Eneabba.[1][3] The specific epithet (aurea) is derived from the Latin word aurum meaning "gold"[4] referring to the colour of the flowers.[2]

George placed this species in subgenus Chrysoma, section Chrysorhoe along with V. patens and V. nitens.[3]

Distribution and habitat

This verticordia grows in deep sand, usually in association with other verticordias, in heath, shrubland or woodland with Eucalyptus todtiana, Banksia menziesii and Xylomelum angustifolium.[2] It is known from scattered areas between Eneabba, Lake Indoon and the Green Head - Coorow Road, within 30 km (20 mi) of Eneabba in the Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic region.[5][6]

Ecology

The flowers are not attractive to typical insect pollinators, except for a single species of solitary bee Euryglossa aureophila (Colletidae), previously Euhesma aureophila,[7] which feeds on nectar, pollen, and the oil released from the anthers.[8]

Conservation

Verticordia argentea is classified as "Priority Four" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife,[5] meaning that is rare or near threatened.[9]

Use in horticulture

In cultivation V. aurea is a bushy shrub with colourful flowers, making it an attractive garden plant, but it has proven difficult to grow, except in Western Australia in deep sand in an open sunny location. In other conditions it is susceptible to fungal attack. It can be propagated from cuttings.[2]

References
  1. "Verticordia aurea". APNI.
  2. Elizabeth A. (Berndt) George; Margaret Pieroni (illustrator) (2002). Verticordia: the turner of hearts (1st ed.). Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. pp. 168–169. ISBN 1-876268-46-8.
  3. George, Alex (1991). "New taxa, combinations and typifications in Verticordia (Myrtaceae : Chamelaucieae)". Nuytsia. 7 (3): 231–394.
  4. Moore (ed.), Bruce (2002). The Australian Oxford Dictionary (1999 ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press. p. 82. ISBN 0195507932.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  5. "Verticordia aurea". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  6. Corrick, Margaret G.; Fuhrer, Bruce A. (2009). Wildflowers of southern Western Australia (3rd ed.). Kenthurst, N.S.W.: Rosenberg Publishing. p. 138. ISBN 9781877058844.
  7. Houston, Terry F. (1992). "Three new, monolectic species of Euryglossa (Euhesma) from Western Australia (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)". Records of the Western Australian Museum. 15 (4): 719–728.
  8. Houston, TF; Lamont, BB; Radford, S; Errington, SG (1993). "Apparent mutualism between Verticordia nitens and V. aurea (Myrtaceae) and Their Oil-Ingesting Bee Pollinators (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)". Australian Journal of Botany. 41 (3): 369–380. doi:10.1071/BT9930369.
  9. "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
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