Veronica plebeia

Veronica plebeia, commonly known as creeping- or trailing speedwell, is a plant belonging to the family Plantaginaceae native to Australia and New Zealand.

Veronica plebeia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Veronica
Species:
V. plebeia
Binomial name
Veronica plebeia
Synonyms[1]

Veronica deltoidea Spreng.

Robert Brown described the trailing speedwell in 1810 in his work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen.[2] He had collected the species near Sydney in May 1802.[1] A 2012 molecular study found it was most closely related to V. grosseserrata.[3]

Veronica plebeia grows as a perennial herb, with stolons reaching 1 m (3 ft) in length.[4] Roots appear at nodes along the stolons.[5] The flowering stems can grow to 10 cm (4 in) tall. The leaves are roughly triangular or heart-shaped (cordate), measuring around 0.8–2 cm (0.3–0.6 in) long, and 0.5–1.6 cm (0.2–0.5 in) across.[4] The lilac to pale blue flowers appear from September to June, with peak times between October and January, as well as April.[5] They grow in clusters of 2 to 8.[6]

Veronica plebeia is found in all states and territories apart from the Northern Territory. It is widely distributed across eastern New South Wales.[4] In Queensland it is found as far north as Tully and the Atherton Tableland.[7] It is rare in Tasmania, restricted to the Tamar Valley and scattered locations on the east coast.[8] It has been recorded from scattered coastal locations in the North Island as well as northwest Nelson in the South Island, and the Chatham Islands. There has been debate over whether it is native or naturalised, but it occurs in areas of little disturbance, suggesting the former.[9] It has become naturalised in Norfolk Island.[4]

It grows on clay soils over shale, in wet sclerophyll forest under such trees as Eucalyptus viminalis, E. fastigata, E. pilularis, in dry sclerophyll forest under Eucalyptus punctata, E. fibrosa, and open woodland under Angophora bakeri, Eucalyptus sclerophylla, Melaleuca decora, Eucalyptus moluccana and E. tereticornis.[5]

The flowers are thought to be pollinated by native bees and flies.[5]

References
  1. Briggs, Barbara G.; Ehrendorfer, Friedrich (2006). "New Australian species and typifications in Veronica sens. lat. (Plantaginaceae)". Telopea. Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust. 11 (3): 276–92. doi:10.7751/telopea20065729. ISSN 0312-9764.
  2. Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen (in Latin). London, United Kingdom: Richard Taylor and Company. p. 435.
  3. Albach, Dirk C.; Briggs, Barbara G. (2012). "Phylogenetic analysis of Australian species of Veronica (V. section Labiatoides; Plantaginaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 25 (5): 353–63. doi:10.1071/SB12014. S2CID 84236446.
  4. B. G. Briggs, B. Wiecek & A. J. Whalen. "New South Wales Flora Online: Veronica plebeia". Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
  5. Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (2001). "Ecology of Sydney plant species Part 8 Dicotyledon families Rutaceae to Zygophyllaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 7 (2): 241–462 [352]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
  6. Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District: An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. p. 283. ISBN 0-7318-1031-7.
  7. Hyland, B. P. M.; Whiffin, T.; Zich, F. A.; et al. (Dec 2010). "Factsheet – Veronica plebeia". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (6.1, online version RFK 6.1 ed.). Cairns, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), through its Division of Plant Industry; the Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; the Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  8. "Veronica plebeia" (PDF). Threatened Flora of Tasmania. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  9. Davidson, Geoff R.; De Lange, Peter J.; Garnock‐Jones, Phil J. (2009). "Two additional indigenous species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae) from northern New Zealand: V. jovellanoides, a new and highly endangered species, and V. plebeia R. Br". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 47 (3): 271–79. doi:10.1080/00288250909509809. S2CID 85284582.
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