VEX Robotics

VEX Robotics is a robotics program for elementary through university students, and a subset of Innovation First International. The VEX Robotics competitions and programs are managed by the Robotics Education and Competition Foundation (REC).[1] In April 2018, VEX Robotics Competition was named the largest robotics competition in the world by Guinness World Records.[2]

There are three leagues of VEX robotics competitions meant for different age groups and skill levels:

  • VEX V5 (previously VEX EDR) is for middle and high school students. VEX V5 Robotics teams have an opportunity to compete annually in the VEX Robotics Competition (VRC)
  • VEX IQ is for elementary and middle school students. VEX IQ robotics teams have an opportunity to compete annually in the VEX IQ Challenge (VIQC) robotics competition.
  • VEX AI is an advanced robotics program for high school and university students. The pilot program registration is scheduled to open to university students in fall of 2020.[3] VEX AI robotics teams will have an opportunity to compete in the VEX AI Competition (VAIC).

In each of the three leagues, students are given a new challenge annually, and must design, build, program, and drive a robot to complete the challenge as best as they can. The robotics teams that consistently display exceptional mastery in all of these areas will eventually progress to the VEX Robotics World Championship.

The description and rules for the season's competition are released during the world championship of the previous season. Starting in 2021, the VEX Robotics World Championship will be held in Dallas, Texas each year in mid April.[4]

VEX V5

VEX V5 is a STEM learning system designed by VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation to help middle and students develop problem-solving and computational thinking skills.[5] It was introduced at the VEX Robotics World Championship in April of 2019 as a replacement for a previous system called VEX EDR. The program utilizes the VEX V5 Construction and Control System as a standardized platform for hardware, firmware, and software compatibility.[5] Robotics teams and clubs can use the VEX V5 system to build robots to compete in the annual VEX Robotics Competition.

Construction and Control System

The VEX V5 Construction and Control System is a metal-based robotics platform with machinable, bolt-together pieces that can be used to construct custom robotic mechanisms.[5] The robot is controlled by a programmable processor known as the VEX V5 Brain. The Brain is equipped with a color LCD touchscreen, 21 hardware ports, an SD card port, a battery port, 8 legacy sensor ports, and a micro-USB programming port. Usage with a VEX V5 Radio enables wireless driving and wireless programming of the brain via the VEX V5 Controller. The controller allows wireless user input to the robot brain, and two controllers can be daisy-chained if necessary. Each controller is equipped with two hardware ports, a micro-USB port, two 2-axis joysticks, a monochrome LCD display, and twelve buttons. The controller's LCD can be written to wirelessly from the robot, providing users with configurable feedback from the robot brain. The VEX V5 Motors connect to the brain via the hardware ports, and are equipped with an internal optical shaft encoder to provide feedback on the rotational status of the motor. The motor's speed is programmable, but may also be altered by exchanging the internal gear cartridge with one of three cartridges of different gear ratios.

VEXcode

VEXcode is a Scratch-based coding environment designed by VEX Robotics for programming VEX Robotics hardware, such as the VEX V5 Brain. The block-style interface makes programming simple for elementary through high- students. VEXcode is consistent across VEX 123, GO, IQ and V5, and can be used to program the devices from each. VEXcode allows the block programs to be viewed as equivalent C++ or programs, to help more advanced students transition from blocks to text. This also allows easy interconversion between text-based and block-based programming. In addition, a more advanced coding studio called VEXcode Pro introduces students to a professional programming studio where they can use VEX C++ to directly program their robots, allowing more flexibility and opening up more advanced methods of programming the VEX robots.[6]

VEX Robotics Competition
VEX Robotics Competition
Current season, competition or edition:
VEX Robotics Competition: Change Up
SportRobotics-related games
FoundedTony Norman
Bob Mimlitch
Inaugural season2007
No. of teamsTotal Registered: 20,000+
VRC: 11,400
VEXU: 300
50+ countries [7]
HeadquartersGreenville, Texas
Most recent
champion(s)

2019-2020 Champions:
2019* Excellence Award Winners :
VRC HS: 2011C: "Brecksville Robotics"
VRC MS: 9364X "Brentwood Academy"
VEXU: USC: "University of Southern California"'

2020 Virtual World Tournament Champions:
VRC HS: 2616J : "Jersey Devils"
VRC HS: 7870E: "The Usual Suspects"
VRC MS: 4082A: "Rocket Robots"
VRC MS: 3324A: "Supernovas A
VEXU: BLRS: "Purdue SIGBots"
TV partner(s)Livestream.com (2013–present)
ESPN2 (2016)
CBS Sports (2017)
YouTube (2020)
Official websiteVEX Robotics Competition

VEX Robotics Competition (VRC) is a robotics competition for registered middle and high school teams which utilizes the VEX V5 Construction and Control System.[8] In this competition, teams design, build, and program robots to compete at tournaments. At tournaments, teams participate in qualifying matches where two randomly chosen alliances of two teams each compete for the highest team ranking. Before the Elimination Rounds, the top-ranking teams choose their permanent alliance partners, starting with the highest ranked team, and continuing until the alliance capacity for the tournament is reached. The new alliances then compete in an elimination bracket, and the top two alliances in the bracket qualify for the State Competition.[9]

The current challenge is VEX Robotics Competition: Change Up.[9]

General rules

Middle and high school students have the same game and rules. The most general and basic rules for the VEX Robotics Competition are as follows, but each year may have exceptions and/or additional constraints.[10]

  • Each robot is partnered with another robot in a pair called an "alliance". In any given match, each alliance competes against one other alliance. One team is designated as the red alliance, and the other as the blue alliance.[9]
  • No robot may exceed the dimensions of an 18-inch cube until the match has begun.[9]
  • No robot may contain hardware, software, material, or content that is not distributed by or explicitly allowed by VEX Robotics.
  • The playing field consists of a 12 foot by 12 foot square of foam tiles bordered by a wall of metal-framed polycarbonate dividers.[9] Anything outside of these border walls is considered as off of the playing field. The various props associated with that season's competition are arranged in a defined and reproducible manner before the start of each mach.
  • At the start of the match is a 15-second 'autonomous' period, where all four robots navigate the field based on pre-programmed instructions, without live driver input.[9]
  • After the autonomous period has ended, the 'driver control' period begins. This stage of the match consists of one minute and forty-five seconds of manual control of the robot[9] using one or two handheld controllers, utilized by the respective number of 'drivers'. Note: During a match, up to three competitors per robot may be on their alliance's side of the field, outside of the field border, in an area designated as their alliance's 'alliance station'. The field's two alliance stations are more commonly known as 'the driver pits', or simply 'the pits'.
  • The object of the match is to attain a higher score, i.e. more points, than the opposing alliance. The method by which the alliances attain these points varies significantly with each season.[9]
  • Throughout the match, the blue alliance is not allowed to enter the red alliance's 'protected zone' of the field, and vice versa. The designated areas of the field are often different for each season. However, during the autonomous period, the protected zone normally consists of the half of the field where the alliance starts, whereas the driver control period occasionally does not even define a protected zone, as was the case for VRC ChangeUp. Any robot that repeatedly, extensively, and/or intentionally enters the opposing alliance's protected zone will be given a warning, be forced to forfeit the match, and/or be disqualified from the tournament.
  • Intentionally removing game objects from the field will result in a warning, match forfeit and/or, if necessary, disqualification.
  • Intentionally and repeatedly damaging any of the robots involved, either during the match or otherwise, will result in immediate disqualification.

Current game: Change Up

VRC Change Up is played with 32 balls, 16 red and 16 blue, and nine goals placed around a field. Each ball that has been scored in a goal is worth one point for the corresponding alliance color. The highest scored ball in a goal will be owned by the corresponding alliance color. If an alliance owns three goals in any direction (vertical, horizontal or diagonal), they will receive a six-point bonus for a connected row. However, balls can be descored by the opposing alliance at any time during the driver control period.[11]

The alliance that scores more points in the autonomous period is awarded a six-point "autonomous bonus", added to the final score at the end of the match. Each alliance also has the opportunity to earn an additional win point by completing their home row during the autonomous period. This bonus can be earned by both alliances, regardless of who wins the autonomous bonus.[11]

Previous games

Previous VEX Robotics Competition games have included, from 2019–20 backwards, Tower Takeover,[12] Turning Point,[13] In The Zone,[14] Starstruck,[15] Nothing But Net,[16] Skyrise,[17] Toss Up,[18] Sack Attack,[19] Gateway,[20] Round Up,[21] Clean Sweep,[22] Elevation,[23] and Bridge Battle.[24]

VEX IQ Challenge
VEX IQ Challenge
Current season, competition or edition:
VEX IQ Challenege Rise Above
SportRobotics-related games
FoundedTony Norman
Bob Mimlitch
Inaugural season2012
No. of teamsTotal Registered: 20,000+ VEXIQ:8,500
50+ countries [7]
HeadquartersGreenville, Texas
Most recent
champion(s)

2019-2020 Champions:
2019* Excellence Award Winners :
VEXIQ ES: 10142: "Manoa Elementary"
VEXIQ MS: 21549: Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet

2020 Virtual World Tournament Champions
:VEXIQ ES: 88299A: "Science museum 1"
VEXIQ ES: 46033D: "Phoenix3"
VEXIQ MS: 99900J: "Dr X Academy"
VEXIQ MS: 22250B: "The Pack "
TV partner(s)ESPN2 (2016)
CBS Sports (2017) YouTube (2020)
Official websiteVEX IQ Challenge

The VEX IQ Challenge, presented by the Robotics Education & Competition Foundation, provides elementary and middle school students with exciting, open-ended robotics and research project challenges that enhance their science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills through hands-on, student-centered learning. A VEX IQ Robotics set is used, with plastic pieces that snap together using pegs, and it is extremely easy to construct a robot. The students use a graphical software to program the robot. There are two parts to the contests: Robot Skills, which is a single robot trying to score as many points as possible, and the Teamwork Challenge, where two robots attempt to work together to complete the same task.[25]

Gameplay

VEX IQ Challenge Rise Above is played on a six foot by eight foot rectangular field. Two robots compete in the teamwork challenge as an alliance in one-minute long teamwork matches, working collaboratively to score points. Teams also compete in the robot skills challenge where one robot attempts to score as many points as possible. These matches consist of driving skills matches, which will be entirely driver controlled, and programming skills matches, which will be autonomous with limited human interaction.

The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring risers in the goal. There are a total of 27 risers, nine for each color (orange, purple and teal).

Scoring
Base riser 1 point
Stacked riser 1 point
Completed row 3 points
Completed stack 30 points

2019–20: Squared Away
VIQC Squared Away Scoring[26]
Each ball scored in a cube 1 point
Each ball scored on a cube 2 points
Each blue and red cube placed in their respective corner goals 10 points
Each green cube placed on a platform 20 points

VEX IQ Challenge Squared Away is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The scoring objects in are three-inch diameter balls and seven-inch cubes. There are a total of 35 balls and seven cubes on the field. The object of the game is to score as many points as possible with your alliance partner in one of two ways: by scoring balls in or on cubes, and by moving cubes to their respective scoring zones.[27]

2018–19: Next Level
VIQC Next Level Scoring[28]
Each Low Scored Hub 1 point
Each High Scored Hub 2 points
Each Bonus Hub removed from the Hanging Structure 1 point
Each Low Scored Bonus Hub 2 points
Each High Scored Bonus Hub 4 points
Each robot Parked underneath Hanging Structure 1 point
Each Low Hanging Robot 2 points
Each High Hanging Robot 4 points

VEX IQ Challenge Next Level is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring and stacking colored hubs in building zones, removing bonus hubs from the hanging structure, and by parking or hanging on the hanging bar.[29] There are two building zones in the corners of the field, and in the middle there is one hanging structure. There are total of fifteen hubs, plus two bonus hubs available to be scored in the building zones and one parking zone in the middle of the field.[29]

2017–18: Ringmaster
VIQC Ringmaster Scoring[30]
Each Emptied Starting Peg 5 points
Each Ring scored in the low scoring goal 1 points
Each Ring scored on a Scoring Post 5 points
Each Ring scored on a Uniform Scoring Post (All the same color) 10 points
Bonus Tray Emptied 20 points

VEX IQ Challenge Ringmaster is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring colored rings on the floor goal and on posts, by having uniform posts, by emptying starting pegs, and by releasing the bonus tray.[31] There are a total of 28 hexballs available as scoring objects in the game. There are two scoring zones, sixteen low goals, twelve elevated goals, and one bridge on the field.[31]

2016–17: Crossover
VIQC Crossover Scoring[32]
Each Hexball Scored in the Scoring Zone 1 point
Each Hexball scored in the Low Goal 3 points
Each Hexball Scored in the Elevated Goal 5 points
Having One Robot Parked on the Bridge 5 points
Having Two Robots Parked on the Bridge 15 points
Having All Robots Parked on a Balanced Bridge 25 points

VEX IQ Challenge Crossover is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring hexballs in their colored scoring zone and goals, and by parking and balancing robots on the bridge.[33] There are a total of 28 hexballs available as scoring objects in the game. There are two scoring zones, sixteen low goals, twelve elevated goals, and one gridge on the field.[33]

2015–16: Bank Shot
VIQC Bank Shot Scoring[34]
Each Ball Scored in the Scoring Zone 1 point
Each Emptied Cutout 1 point
Each Ball Scored in the Goal 3 points
Having One Robot Parked on the Ramp 10 points
Having Two Robots Parked on the Ramp 25 points

VEX IQ Challenge Bank Shot is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by emptying cutouts, scoring balls into the scoring zone and goals, and by parking robots on the ramp.[35] There are a total of 44 balls available as scoring objects in the game. There is one scoring zone, one goal, one ramp, and sixteen cutouts on the field.[35]

2014–15: Highrise
VIQC Highrise Scoring[36]
Each Cube Scored in the Scoring Zone A point value equal to the Highrise Height of the same color as the

Cube (i.e., if a team builds a Highrise of 3 red Scoring Cubes on the

Highrise Base, a red cube in the Scoring Zone is worth 3 points.)

VEX IQ Challenge Highrise is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest possible score by scoring cubes in the scoring zone and by building highrises of cubes of the same color on the highrise bases.[37] There are a total of 36 cubes, twelve of each of three colors, available as scoring objects in the game. There is one scoring zone and three highrise bases on the field. Each robot begins a match on one of two starting positions and must occupy a space of less than 13 by 19 by 15 inches.[37]

2013–14: Add It Up
VIQC Add It Up Scoring[38]
A Small BuckyBall Scored in the Floor Goal 1 point
A Small BuckyBall Scored in the Low Goal 2 points
A Small BuckyBall Scored in the High Goal 3 points
A Large BuckyBall Scored in the Floor Goal 3 points
A Large BuckyBall Scored in the Low Goal 5 points
A Scoring Ring that is Filled 5 points
A Large BuckyBall Scored in the High Goal 8 points
A Robot that is Hanging at the end of the match 8 points

VEX IQ Challenge Add It Up is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest possible alliance score by scoring your small and large BuckyBalls into the floor, low and high goals, filling scoring rings, and having robots hang from hanging bar at the end of the match.[39] There are a total of 36 small BuckyBalls and four large BuckyBalls available as scoring objects in the game. There are four floor goals, two low goals, two high goals, and four scoring rings, as well as a hanging bar.[39]

2012–13: Rings-N-Things
VIQC Rings-N-Things Scoring[40]
A Ball Scored in a Low Goal 1 alliance point
A Ball Scored in a High Goal 3 alliance points
A Ball Scored in a Scoring Ring 2 alliance points; 1 individual point
A Robot that is parked at the end of match 2 alliance points
A Second Robot parked at the end of match 3 alliance points

VEX IQ Challenge Rings-N-Things was the Pilot Program for the VEX IQ Challenge robotics competition program, which launched in April 2012.[41] The game is played on a four-foot by eight-foot field, surrounded by a 3.5 inch tall perimeter. There are four goals and eight rings into which teams can score 36 balls. The field is divided by the ramp.[41]

VEX U

The VEX U level competition was a league for college and university students that used the VEX Cortex hardware system. The rules were nearly identical for this division as for the EDR division, but VEX U teams were allowed to take advantage of more customization and greater flexibility than other levels. Also, their robot creation was limited by the need to find effective costs and a restricted development environment in order to model a real-world situation. In addition, in past competitions, VEX U teams were required to create two different complementary robots, one big and one small, and program them to work together to defeat opponent teams.[42]

The VEX U competition, although very similar to VRC EDR competition, had some distinct rules. Rather than being limited to a robot size of an 18-inch cube, VEX U contestants had the freedom to use up to a 24-inch cube of space for their robot. The autonomous period of VEX U competitions was also longer, lasting forty-five seconds versus VEX EDR's fifteen. As a result, the driver control period was shortened to a period of seventy-five seconds, immediately after the autonomous period, to keep matches at a length of two minutes.

In 2020, the VEX U robotics program was discontinued in lieu of VEX AI, a new advanced robotics program for university students.

VEX AI

On April 25, 2020, VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation announced a new platform of competitions, the VEX AI Competition. The new platforms will use the VEX V5 Construction and Control System, and registration will be available to high school and college teams.[43]

The competition is fully autonomous and will use an array of new sensors including the VEX Game Positioning System (VEX GPS); VEX AI microprocessor; VEX AI Vision Sensor with depth perception; VEX LINK, a wireless robot-to-robot communications interface; and the VEX Sensor Fusion Map, a new multi-sensor integration technology which uses sensory data from the robots to render the course in real-time 3D. Each team will build and program two robots. Teams will be able to 3D print and machine parts, use custom electronics, and utilize an unlimited quantity of motors.[44]

The pilot program is scheduled to open for registration to university students in fall of 2020. After registration begins, any high school teams that wish to participate must apply for program admission. Unlike university participants, only those high school teams that show exceptional preparedness for this level of advanced competition will be allowed to compete.[3] VEX AI robotics teams will have an opportunity to compete in the VEX AI Competition. Unlike VEX U, this competition will be completely separate from the VRC Competition

VEX Robotics World Championship

The VEX Robotics World Championship brings together qualifying teams from the two VEX Robotics programs: the VEX IQ Challenge, VEX Robotics Competition, with the VEX AI Competition bringing the number to three in 2022. The championship is an international celebration of the robotics community and a final tournament to crown the VEX World Champions in each league. The 2021–24 championships are scheduled to be held in Dallas, Texas.[4]

A one-hour special version of the 2016 VEX Robotics World Championship aired on ESPN2 in June 2016.[45] CBS aired a one-hour special version of the 2017 VEX Robotics World Championship on June 11.[46]

During the VEX Robotics World Championship, a "Parade of Nations" is held in Freedom Hall that includes hundreds of students, often dressed in costumes, from more than thirty countries.[47]

The 2020 VEX Robotics World Championship was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[48] On March 30, 2020, VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation announced they would host the first ever VEX Robotics Virtual World Celebration on April 25, 2020. The event celebrated the accomplishments of all teams and revealed the 2020–21 VEX Robotics Competition and VEX IQ Challenge.[49] During this event, VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation also hosted a Fantasy Robotics simulation for all levels in the VEX Robotics Program, using statistics from state and qualifying tournaments.[50] On January 20th, 2021 the REC Foundation along with VEX Robotics anoucced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic the 2021 VEX World Championships would be modified to an online remote tournament and would also include a remote skills matches.[51]Therefore also announcing that the event will have no in person attendance.

VEX Robotics World Championship Venues
Venue Location Years
California State University, Northridge Northridge, California 2008
Dallas Convention Center Dallas, Texas 2009–10
ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex Kissimmee, Florida 2011
Anaheim Convention Center Anaheim, California 2012–14
Kentucky Exposition Center and Freedom Hall Louisville, Kentucky 2015–19
2020 (planned)[lower-alpha 1]
VEX Robotics Headquarters Greenville, Texas 2020[lower-alpha 1]
Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center Dallas, Texas[4] 2022–24
2021 (planned)[lower-alpha 2][52]
  1. Because the 2020 VEX Robotics World Championship was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a Virtual World Celebration event was held with no in-person attendees.
  2. Because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the event was modified to a online remote tournament along with a skills only portion therefore it will not include an in person aspect.

Role in pedagogy

VEX Robotics competitions have been of interest to educators as a way of stimulating students' interest in hands-on learning, engineering, and computer programming. The Department of Engineering and Technology Education at Utah State University has created a Design Academy with a curriculum for teaching skills through participation in a VEX Robotics Competition.[53] In addition, VEX Robotics provides two other programs aiming to introduce these skills at an early age in the classroom.

VEX 123

VEX 123 is a VEX Robotics program aimed to introduce basic turtle-style programming to young students in kindergarten through second grade. It uses a small round robot with a front, wheels and an audio speaker, (the '123 Robot') which is programmed to drive around a plastic course using either a handheld wireless programming module (the 'Coder') or a mobile device (not included) with Scratch-based programming software. The course is modular and can be built differently to present different programming challenges. VEX provides multiple pre-prepared STEM Labs that are designed for different classroom settings, such as language arts and mathematics. The VEX 123 STEM Labs are "designed to provoke STEM thinking and spark creative problem-solving ideas."[54]

VEX 123 STEM Labs[55]
Name Grades Category No. of Labs Time per Lab Description
Meet Your Robot K–2 Language Arts 2 40 min Meet your 123 Robot through a story-based lab that introduces vocabulary, functions, and features of the 123 Robot.
Number Line Math 2 40 min Practice early addition skills using a number line, the 123 Robot, and manipulatives to represent numbers and number values.
Intro to Coding Coding 2 40 min Investigate coding and robot behaviors while using the Coder and VEX 123.
Coding Fundamentals Coding 4 40 min Practice early coding skills! Create a project using sequenced commands while learning to troubleshoot any problems.
Moving Through a City Engineering 3 40 min Use VEXcode 123 and the 123 Robot to complete challenges as you build and navigate bridges and cities!
Our World Around Us Coming Soon 3 40 min Explore the world around you by creating environments and investigating the weather!
Do You Hear That? 3 40 min Code the 123 Robot to play sounds!
Operation Math Games 2 40 min Practice coding concepts such as sequencing and conditionals by playing different math games!
Exploring Computer Science 4 40 min Practice being a computer scientist by coding the 123 Robot using loops and conditionals!
Robot Storyteller 3 40 min Investigate stories that you read and create with the 123 Robot!
Robot Writer 3 40 min Use the 123 Robot to write letters and messages!

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