Unsworth

Unsworth is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. The population of the Bury ward at the 2011 census was 9,492.[1] It is about 7 miles (11 km) north of the city of Manchester and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Bury.

For the surname, see Unsworth (surname).

Unsworth

Castle Lane on the outskirts of Unsworth
Unsworth
Location within Greater Manchester
Population9,492 (2011)
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBury
Postcode districtBL9
Dialling code0161
PoliceGreater Manchester
FireGreater Manchester
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament

Toponomy

Unsworth derives from the Old English Hund, relating either to either the modern English hound, or a personal name, with worth meaning an enclosure. Thus, the name essentially means place of somebody named Hund, or place of the hounds. The name was recorded in 1291 as Hundeswrth and as Undesworth in 1322.[2][3]

History

After the Norman conquest in 1066, Unsworth was part of the Pilkington estate before passing into the hands of the Earls of Derby in the 15th century.

In the hearth tax collected in 1666, Unsworth had 40 hearths with no house having six.[4]

Unsworth and Castle Brooks were sources of water for local industries such as bleach and dye works, there was also clay for brickworks. During the Industrial Revolution farming, cotton mills, print-works and bleach-grounds provided employment for its inhabitants. Cotton mills operating in the late 19th century were Worthington and Company whose Victoria Mills contained 220 looms producing ticking, nankeens, linen and drills and the Unsworth Finishing Company.[5]

The first major change in the 20th century was the construction of the Royal Air Force's logistics base at nearby Pilsworth in the Second World War, parts of which remained in use in the early 1980s by shipping firms and other industries.

Unsworth was affected by the construction of the M66 motorway. The road between junctions 3 and 4 passes behind Unsworth Pole and through Back o' th' Moss Farm. Construction of the motorway, along with urbanisation in the mid-1970s reduced the dairy farm's acreage from 300 to 150 acres, resulted in a loss of the dairy production and lower yields of "hay, corn, barley and potatoes"[6]

Governance

Unsworth[7] was a chapelry the eastern portion of the township of Pilkington in the parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham in the hundred of Salford and county of Lancashire in Northern England.[8][9] When local government was reorganised in 1894, Pilkington ceased to exist as a township and Unsworth gave its name to a new township governed by a parish council made up of Unsworth and Pilsworth with part of Heap.[4]

Historically in Lancashire, the village, with the passage of the Local Government Act 1972, became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury on 1 April 1974. On the borough council it is a marginal Labour/Conservative ward that has tended to vote Labour. From 1983-2010 it was in the parliamentary constituency of Bury North, before being transferred to the Bury South constituency in 2010, currently held by the Conservative Christian Wakeford since 2019.

Geography
Hollins Vale, A local nature reserve located in Unsworth.

Unsworth lies on high ground between two brooks running north to Whittle Brook and the River Roch.[4] covering 972 acres of mostly arable land that was boggy until drainage was installed.[8] Parr Brook joins the River Roch at Blackford Bridge.

The village and surrounding area were urbanised in the 1960s. Transformation began in the 1950s with the construction of housing and the road known as Sunny Bank Road connecting the old village to the A56 arterial road between Bury and Manchester.

Hollins Vale became Bury’s third local nature reserve in 2003. It is owned by Vidor Waste Management and managed for the benefit of wildlife and the community by the Hollins Conservation Group.[10] Hollins Brook, a tributary of the River Roch meanders through the valley. Most of the area consists of woodland, marshland open grassland which is managed by cattle that roam the area.[11] Hollins Vale was granted Site of Biological Importance status in 1981 due to its diverse range of waterside plants and is one of 50 such sites in the Bury area.[12] The reserve is home to many species of wildlife such as linnet, reed bunting, snipe and grey partridge. The birds and small mammals attract predators such as kestrel, sparrowhawk, buzzard, tawny owl, weasel and stoat. Many species of butterfly are part of the ecosystem as is an increasing rabbit population. Since the construction of the M66, the populations of skylark, lapwing and hare have disappeared.

Demography

Population change
Population change in Unsworth
Year 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1961 1991 2001 2011
Population 2,640 2,698 2,707 2,542 2,461 8,197 9,223 10,058 9,492
Source: A Vision of Britain through Time; NOMIS (ONS)[13][14][15]

Religion
St George's Church, Unsworth

Unsworth chapelry included part of the parish of Middleton. St George's Chapel was consecrated in November 1730 on a site provided by the Earl of Derby. The chapel was rebuilt at a cost of £1,500 in 1843.[8] The church is built in brick with a bellcote, and has a graveyard to the north.[16] A screen was installed enclosing the chancel in 1920 and removed in 1988.[17]

In 1846 a chapel was erected by Wesleyan Methodists on Hollins Lane, along with a Sunday school.[18] They have since been demolished and replaced by a Methodist church.[19]

Landmarks
Unsworth Pole War Memorial covered in poppy wreaths after Remembrance Sunday.

After the First World War, a war memorial was erected at Unsworth Pole, it contains the names of 60 who died in the First World War and eight who died in the Second World War.

Unsworth Library.

Unsworth Library is part of the Bury Libraries group.[20] [21] Proposals to close the library in 2010 met with opposition.[22][23] Local musician Guy Garvey was amongst the opposers, claiming to have written some of his best lyrics (for his band Elbow) at the library, finding it to be "a source of inspiration”.[24] The proposal was withdrawn in January 2011.[23]

Education
Unsworth Academy, (formerly Castlebrook High School)

The area was the site of Bury's first comprehensive school, built in 1971. Unsworth Comprehensive was later renamed Castlebrook High School, and was recently changed again to Unsworth Academy. The school has been rated as "good" by the education standards office, OFSTED[25] following their inspection in 2010, an improvement from the school's previous "satisfactory" rating of 2006.[26] The school has recently completed a major rebuilding and rebranding, but still remains on the same site.

Unsworth has four primary schools, Unsworth Primary School[27] off Parr Lane,[28] Sunny Bank Primary School,[29] Hollins Grundy Primary School, established in 1972 off Hollins Lane, in Hollins[30] and Bury and Whitefield Jewish Primary School, established in 1984.[31]

Culture

The home of the ancient Unsworth family was noted for containing an oak table and panel with carvings of Saint George and the Dragon, the Eagle and Child, the Lion and the Unicorn and the Unsworth Dragon connected with a local legend. Thomas Unsworth supposedly owned the house when a dragon ravaged the area. Bullets from guns had no effect but Thomas Unsworth mortally wounded the dragon by firing his dagger from a musket. The carvings on the panel and table were supposedly made with the dagger.[32] The origin of the story may be related to the estate granted to a member of the family, possibly Thomas, for unknown military service.[33] This legend, connected with the folklore of Bury, was the subject of a multimedia art installation, hosted by Bury Art Museum as part of the 2016 Transition Festival.[34][35]

The Pole (or Unsworth Pole) was named after the pitch pole fixed by the Earl of Derby which was greased each year for the village's pot fair which was last held over a century ago. The challenge was to climb the greased pole to claim the prize. The last known successful ascender was Adam Holt in 1900. The current pole is not the original which was blown over in a gale, falling into the Bay Horse Inn.[36]

Public houses include the Lord Clive, named in honour of Clive of India, whose family was reputed to have ties with the area, the Dragon (now a Co-op) and the Queen Anne. The Bridge Inn at Blackford Bridge was demolished after it was irreparably damaged in a gas explosion in March 1998.[37]

Sport
Harry Vardon, a famous golfer who originated from Bury Golf Club in Unsworth.

Unsworth Cricket Club was founded in 1883 on Pole Lane and is a member of the Central Lancashire Cricket League.[38]

Bury Golf Club, founded in 1890 as a 9-hole course at Redvales, moved to Unsworth in 1921 where it has an 18-hole course. The clubhouse, known as Unsworth Hall on the 1932 OS map[39] has a room commemorating Harry Vardon who won seven major championships from 1896-1914.[40] Pike Fold Golf Club was founded 1909 and moved to Back o' th' Moss Farm in 1999.[41]

Unsworth Junior Football Club has 12 teams ranging from Under 8s to Under 18s. The teams practice at Hillock, and play in the North Bury Junior Football League, where the Under 18s team plays in the Premier Division.[42]

Castlebrook Community Sports Centre in the grounds of Castlebrook High School has a floodlit astroturf pitch and two sports halls.[43]

References

Notes

  1. "Bury Ward population 2011". Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  2. Mills 1976, p. 143.
  3. Ekwall, Eilert (1922). The place-names of Lancashire. University Press.
  4. Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1911), "The parish of Prestwich with Oldham: Pilkington", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5, British History Online, pp. 25–34, retrieved 14 November 2013
  5. 1891 Cotton Mills in Radcliffe, Grace's Guide, retrieved 19 December 2013
  6. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-380000-405000/page/6
  7. Unsworth Township Boundaries, genuki.org.uk, retrieved 14 November 2013
  8. Lewis, Samuel (1848), "Unsworth", A Topographical Dictionary of England, British History Online, pp. 414–418, retrieved 14 November 2013
  9. Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 17 June 2008
  10. Hollins Vale LNR, Bury Council, retrieved 20 December 2013
  11. Hollins Vale Local Nature Reserve (pdf), Bury Council, retrieved 20 December 2013
  12. Sites of Biological Importance (SBI), Bury Council, retrieved 20 December 2013
  13. Unsworth CP: Total Population, A Vision of Britain through Time, retrieved 19 November 2013
  14. "Unsworth Ward Population, 2011". NOMIS. Office for National Statistics.
  15. "Usual resident population; Unsworth". Office for National Statistics.
  16. St George, Unsworth - Church of England, genuki.org, retrieved 14 December 2013
  17. St. George's Church, Unsworth (pdf), Ecclesiastical Law Society, retrieved 20 December 2013
  18. http://www.old-maps.co.uk/maps.html?coords=381938,407616/ 1891-1893 Pre-WWII 1:2,500 - LANCASHIRE AND FURNESS
  19. "Genuki: Hollins Lane, Unsworth, Wesleyan Methodist, Lancashire". www.genuki.org.uk.
  20. http://www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-displaylibrary.pl?RC=32518
  21. http://www.librarytechnology.org/libraries.pl?OrgName=Bury%20Libraries
  22. "Saddened by decision to sell our great library". Bury Times.
  23. "Library saved from closure". Bury Times.
  24. News, Manchester Evening (13 January 2011). "Elbow frontman Guy Garvey backs battle to save library that inspired hit songs". Manchester Evening News.
  25. [email protected], Ofsted Communications Team (28 March 2019). "Find an inspection report and registered childcare". reports.ofsted.gov.uk.
  26. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/833287/urn/105363.pdf
  27. http://unsworth-primary.co.uk/contact.php
  28. http://schooletc.co.uk/school-unsworth-primary-school-105317
  29. "Sunny Bank Primary School - Home". www.sunnybankprimary.org.uk.
  30. http://www.hollinsgrundy.ik.org/p_About_Us.ikml
  31. "Find a Jewish School – FAJS".
  32. Unsworth Dragon, Mysterious Britain, retrieved 19 December 2013
  33. Barton 1973, p. 273.
  34. Gibb, Gemma. "1845 : The Dragon of Unsworth at Transition Festival in Bury". creativetourist.com. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  35. "Pictures: 25 images from this weekend's Transition festival in Bury". Bury Times. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  36. "LOCAL CUSTOMS". domesday.
  37. Pub blast family's miracle escape, The Bolton News, 24 March 1998, retrieved 19 December 2013
  38. Unsworth Cricket Club, Unsworth Cricket Club, retrieved 14 November 2013
  39. Lancashire Sheet 96.01 Unsworth & SE Radcliffe 1932, Alan Godfrey Maps, retrieved 14 November 2013
  40. Bury Cricket Club, Bury Golf Club, retrieved 14 November 2013
  41. Pike Fold Golf Club, Pike Fold Golf Club, retrieved 14 November 2013
  42. Unsworth Junior Football Club, Unsworth Junior Football Club, retrieved 14 November 2013
  43. "Sorry - Bury Council". www.bury.gov.uk.

Bibliography

  • Mills, David (1976), The Place-Names of Lancashire, B.T. Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-3248-9
  • Barton, B.T. (1973), History of the Borough of Bury and Neighbourhood, in the County of Lancaster, E.J. Morten, ISBN 0-901598-74-7
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