Unity Technologies

Unity Software Inc. (doing business as Unity Technologies)[3] is an American video game software development company based in San Francisco. It was founded in Denmark in 2004 as Over the Edge Entertainment (OTEE) and changed its name in 2007. Unity Technologies is best known for the development of Unity, a licensed game engine used to create video games and other applications.

Unity Software Inc.
Unity Technologies
FormerlyOver the Edge Entertainment (2004–2007)
TypePublic company
NYSE: U
Industry
Founded2004 (2004) in Copenhagen, Denmark
Founders
  • David Helgason
  • Nicholas Francis
  • Joachim Ante
Headquarters
San Francisco
,
US
Key people
ProductsUnity
Services
  • Unity Certification
  • Unity Collaborate
  • Unity Asset Store
  • Unity Ads
  • Unity Cloud Build
  • Unity Analytics
  • Unity Everyplay (2012–2018)
  • Unity Multiplayer
  • Unity Performance Reporting[1]
Number of employees
3,379[2] (2020)
Subsidiaries
Websiteunity.com

History

Founding and early success (2004–2008)

Unity Technologies was founded as Over the Edge Entertainment (OTEE) in Copenhagen in 2004 by David Helgason (CEO), Nicholas Francis (CCO), and Joachim Ante (CTO).[4][5] Over the Edge released its first game, GooBall, in 2005.[5] The game failed commercially, but the three founders saw value in the game development tools that they had created to simplify game development, and so they shifted the company's focus to create an engine for other developers.[4][5][6]

The company sought to "democratize" game development and make development of 2D and 3D interactive content more accessible.[7] Unity was named the runner-up for Best Use of Mac OS X Graphics at the 2006 Apple Design Awards.[8] The company grew with the 2007 release of the iPhone, as Unity Technologies produced one of the first engines supporting the platform in full.[9][10] Because the games industry was focused on console games when the iPhone and App Store were released, Unity was positioned to support developers looking to create mobile games.[11][12] Its dominance on the iPhone was largely uncontested for a couple years.[9] In 2007, Over the Edge changed its name to Unity Technologies.[13]

New platforms and expansion (2009–2019)

The technology was developed for different platforms.[9] By 2018, Unity was used to make games and other experiences for more than 25 platforms, including mobile, desktop, consoles, and virtual reality.[14][15] Unity games can also be deployed on the Web.[15][14]

The Unity Asset Store launched in November 2010 as an online marketplace for Unity users to sell project assets (artwork, code systems, audio, etc.) to each other.[16]

In April 2012, Unity reportedly had 1 million registered developers, 300,000 of whom used Unity on a monthly basis.[17] In May of the same year, a survey by Game Developer revealed that approximately 53% of mobile game developers were using Unity.[18] By 2016, the company reported more than 5.5 million registered users.[19] Part of Unity's appeal is that it allows people who lack the technical knowledge to program games from scratch to create games and other simulations.[9]

Facebook integrated a software development kit for games using the Unity game engine in 2013.[20] The kit featured tools that allowed tracking advertising campaigns and deep linking, where users were directly linked from social media posts to specific portions within games, and in-game-image sharing.[20]

Unity acquired Applifier, a Helsinki-based mobile service provider, in March 2014. Applifier's game replay sharing and community service was initially called Everyplay, and became known as Unity Everyplay. The acquisition also meant that Applifier's mobile video ad network, GameAds, became Unity Ads.[21] Two more acquisitions followed later in 2014: Playnomics, a data analysis platform for developers (now Unity Analytics), and Tsugi, whose continuous integration service became known as Unity Cloud Build.[22][23]

In October 2014, Helgason announced in a blog post that he would be stepping down as CEO with John Riccitiello, the former CEO of game company Electronic Arts, replacing him. Helgason remained with the company as executive vice-president.[24][25]

Software developer Niantic released Pokémon Go, which was built using Unity engine, in 2016.[26] Following the success of Pokémon Go, Unity Technologies held several rounds of funding that increased the company's valuation: In July 2016, a $181 million round of funding valued the company at approximately $1.5 billion;[26] in May 2017, the company raised $400 million that valued the company at $2.8 billion;[27] and in 2018 Unity's CEO confirmed a $145 million round that valued the company at approximately $3 billion.[28] Also in 2016, Facebook developed a new PC gaming platform with Unity.[29][30] In 2017, Unity Technologies acquired Multiplay, a business that offers multiplayer server game hosting, from retailer Game for £19 million.[31]

Unity Technologies released the Unity 2017 version of its platform in 2017.[32] Unity worked with Google on ARCore in 2017 to develop augmented reality tools for Android devices and apps.[33] The following year, Unity Technologies worked with Google Cloud to offer services for online game developers and Alphabet Inc. subsidiary DeepMind to develop virtual world artificial intelligence.[34] The Unity platform is used to help machines through reinforced learning.[34] According to Fast Company, DeepMind uses Unity software to train algorithms in "physics-realistic environments", where a computer will continually try to achieve a goal through trial and error.[34]

The use of Unity Technologies software expanded beyond games in the 2010s, including film and television and automotive.[35][36][37] For the automotive industry, carmakers use Unity's virtual reality platform for design and virtual world car testing simulations.[37] In October 2018, Unity Technologies acquired Digital Monarch Media, a Canadian virtual cinematography company.[38]

Unity Technologies created the Unity Icon Collective in November 2018.[39] The team creates assets for sale in the Unity Asset Store for PC and consoles.[40] The assets—characters, environments, art, and animation—can be used in high-quality games; the move was seen as an attempt to compete with Unity's rivals, such as Epic Games' Unreal Engine.[41]

The company acquired Vivox, a cross-platform voice and text chat provider based in Framingham, Massachusetts, in January 2019.[42] At an acquisition price of $123.4 million,[43] the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Unity Technologies and operates independently.[42] Vivox's technology is used in Fortnite, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, and League of Legends, among others.[42] Terms of the deal were not disclosed.[44] In May 2019, the company confirmed a $150 million Series E funding round that increased its valuation to $6 billion. In July that year, it announced that together with D1 Capital Partners, CPP Investment Board, Light Street Capital, Sequoia Capital and Silver Lake Partners, it would fund a $525 million tender to allow Unity's common shareholders to sell their shares in the company.[45] Unity Technologies additionally purchased game analytics company deltaDNA in September 2019,[46] which was later reported at a value of $53.1 million.[43] The company continued their acquisitions by buying live game management platform ChilliConnect in October 2019,[47] and 3D application streaming service Furioos creator Obvioos in November 2019.[48] That same year, Unity paid $48.8 million to acquire Artomatix,[43] a company that develops an AI-assisted material creation tool called ArtEngine.[49][50] Despite growing revenues of $541.8 million, Unity also posted growing losses of $163.2 million.[51]

Going public and further acquisitions (2020–present)

In June 2020, Unity announced that they had partnered with Apple to update the Unity Engine to run on Apple Silicon equipped Macs with the 2020.2 release, allowing game developers to update their games to support the new hardware platform. An Apple Silicon-ported version of the Unity Editor was demoed during the WWDC 2020 Platforms State of the Union event. [52] On August 17 of that year, Unity stated that it had acquired Codice Software, who make the distributed version control system Plastic SCM.[53][54] That same year, Unity acquired Finger Food Studios for $46.8 million.[43]

Unity announced its plans to offer an initial public offering (IPO) in August 2020.[55] At the time, the company reported 1.5 million monthly users, with 15,000 new projects started daily.[43] The company completed its IPO on September 17, 2020 at a total of US$1.3 billion , above its target price, and started trading as a public company on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker NYSE: U on the following day. The IPO gave Unity an estimated value of US$13.7 billion .[56][57]

In December 2020, Unity announced the acquisition of the multiplayer networking framework, MLAPI,[58] and RestAR, a computer vision and deep learning company.[59]

Corporate affairs

Unity Technologies is a public company based in San Francisco, California; its IPO was in September 2020.[60] As of 2018, the company employed more than 2,000 people in offices across North America, Europe and Asia.[61][14] It is overseen by a board of directors.[62] John Riccitiello acts as chief executive officer (CEO), and replaced co-founder and former CEO David Helgason in 2014.[7] Danny Lange, who has a history of work on machine learning for IBM,[63][64] Microsoft,[65] Amazon Web Services and Uber,[66][67] is vice-president of artificial intelligence and machine learning, a post he has held since late 2016.[68] Unity Technologies named its first independent directors in 2017. Riccitiello said the move was needed if the company intended to go public in the future.[69] According to TechCrunch, Unity Technologies had raised more than $600 million in funding and was valued at about $3 billion by 2018.[70] Its investors include Sequoia Capital, Draper Fisher Jurvetson, Silver Lake, China Investment Corporation, FreeS Fund, Thrive Capital, WestSummit Capital and Max Levchin.[27][26] Revenue streams include licensing fees for its game engine, its Unity Asset Store, and the Unity platform.[71][72]

In 2017, Unity Technologies launched Unity Without Borders, a programme that sponsored 50 video game programmers from the Middle East to attend Unity's Unite Europe conference in Amsterdam.[73] Unity Without Borders sponsored video game programmers affected by travel restrictions by President Donald Trump's administration.[73]

On 5 June 2019, Anne Evans, formerly vice-president in human resources for Unity Technologies, filed a sexual harassment and wrongful termination lawsuit against the company, alleging that she had been harassed by Riccitiello and another co-worker, and was then terminated over the dispute with the latter.[74] Unity Technologies responded that Evans' allegations were false and that she had been terminated due to misconduct and lapse in judgment.[75]

Unity engine
Main article: Unity (game engine)

Unity's eponymous platform is used to create two-dimensional, three-dimensional, virtual reality, and augmented reality video games and other simulations.[9][28] The engine originally launched in 2005 to create video games.[76] As of 2018, it supports more than 25 platforms. As of 2018, the platform has been used to create approximately half of mobile games on the market and 60 percent of augmented reality and virtual reality content,[61] including approximately 90 percent on emerging augmented reality platforms, such as Microsoft HoloLens, and 90 percent of Samsung Gear VR content.[12] As of 2020, Unity-made applications were used by 2 billion monthly active users, with 1.5 million monthly creators.[77] Unity technology is the basis for most virtual reality and augmented reality experiences, and Fortune said Unity "dominates the virtual reality business".[78][79][80] In the 2010s, Unity Technologies used its game engine to transition into other industries using the real-time 3D platform, including film and automotive.[35][37]

See also

References
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