United Biscuits Network

United Biscuits Network (or UBN for short) was an internal radio station serving the factories of United Biscuits (UB) in Britain that operated from 1970 to 1979.[1]

United Biscuits Network
SloganThe Home of Good Baking
Programming
FormatPopular Music and Speech
Ownership
OwnerUnited Biscuits
History
First air date
1970 to 1979

In 1970 the BBC had a monopoly on broadcasting in Britain, although there were a few offshore pirate radio broadcasters, such as Radio Caroline.[2] At one time factories had sought to avoid irrelevant sound, but during the Second World War psychologists found that light background music—muzak—increased productivity at times it was low, a trend that continued after the war. But as jobs became deskilled and ever more monotonous, muzak became less effective, and staff turnover increased. United Biscuits was affected by this trend; Hector Laing, the managing director in the 1960s, needed to reduce the costs of high staff turnover. Inspired by the success of the pirate stations, Laing hired suitable staff, bought state-of-the-art broadcasting equipment, and set up UBN at UB headquarters in Osterley, west London (later the headquarters of broadcaster Sky UK).

About

UBN broadcast from Osterley to UB factories in London, Manchester, Liverpool and Glasgow 24 hours a day. Presenters who later achieved wider public recognition included Roger Scott, Adrian Love, Steve Allen, Nicky Horne, Graham Dene and Dale Winton.[3][4] The first Programme Director when the station opened in 1970 was Neil Spence, the former pirate Radio London DJ known as Dave Dennis.[5]

Because there were no legal non-BBC radio stations in 1970, the network became notable in introducing new acts and people.[6] In 1972 Independent Local Radio (ILR) was introduced by legislation in the UK; in 1979 the UBN was closed, with ILR played in the factories instead.[7]

The Chris Petit film Radio On was partly filmed at the UBN studio. The protagonist is a DJ at an industrial radio station similar to UBN.

Distribution of the 'radio' from the Osterley studios to the various factories was via GPO landlines, then 100 V loudspeaker systems in each factory. Each pair of workers had their own loudspeaker and volume control. To accommodate the already high ambient noise levels in the factories, the audio was highly compressed.

UBN's programme content was similar to contemporary commercial radio, except that 'commercials' did not promote products but encouraged safe work practice, among other subjects, and music requests were, for example, from Fred on the Chocolate Digestive line to Doris on the Jaffa Cakes.

Programmes were similar to BBC Radio 1 and 2, but there were specialist programmes for Asian listeners and Country and western fans in Liverpool and Glasgow.[8]

Influence

As the UBN was the only non-BBC "broadcaster", operated 24 hours a day, and had top-notch equipment and musical sources, it was an excellent opportunity for entertainers to rise from small-scale DJ-ing to radio broadcasting; the network was music-oriented, and hosts were allowed a free hand within reason. Graham Dene, who became a well-known presenter after UBN, was on air on the opening day, 1 September 1970, and later said he could not believe his luck: "It was like a radio university. We had the best kit, the proper studios. We even had jingles re-recorded from the pirate ship Radio London. It was like seventh heaven: a proper station of our own." Someone who joined at the start was told that if UBN could reduce UB staff turnover by 20%, it would pay for itself; within the first year, turnover dropped by 40%.[2]

The explosive growth of independent local radio ultimately led to the closure of UBN as unnecessary; the many people it trained in broadcasting were available to man the new independent broadcasters. Andrew Ellinas, who broadcast on UBN's last hour, said "UBN was the beginning of the golden age of radio. Its legacy lies in every commercial station in the UK."[2]

References
  1. Korczynski, Marek (2013). Rhythms of Labour: Music at Work in Britain. Cambridge UP. p. 229.
  2. Morris, Kieran (5 November 2020). "Cracker factory records: the surprising story of United Biscuits' radio station". The Guardian.
  3. "List of Presenters". Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  4. Winton, Dale (31 January 2012). My Story. p. 127. ISBN 9781448135448.
  5. Billboard, 30 April 1977
  6. Pope, Mal (2010). Old Enough to Know Better: Mal Pope's Autobiography. Y Lolfa. ISBN 9781847712912.
  7. "UK On air thread". Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  8. "Report on UBN launch (audio)". BBC Radio 1. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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