Trochosa terricola

Trochosa terricola
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Lycosidae
Genus:	Trochosa
Species:	T. terricola
Binomial name
	Trochosa terricola; (Thorell, 1856)[1]
Synonyms[2]
	Lycosa terricola (Westring, 1861) ; Lycosa agretyca (Blackwall, 1861) ; Trochosa trabalis (Ohlert, 1867) ; Lycosa lugubris (Menge, 1879) ; Lycosa pratensis (Emerton, 1885) ; Trochosa dybowskii (Kulczyński, 1885) ; Trochosina terricola (Simon, 1885) ; Lycosa orophila (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929) ; Allohogna pratensis (Roewer, 1955) ; Piratessa dybowskii (Roewer, 1955) ;

Trochosa terricola is known as the ground wolf spider,[3] is a wolf spider which is common and widespread in western and central Europe.[1] It has been recorded as prey for the pompilid wasp.

Description

Male Trochosa terricola are 7–9 mm in length while females are 7–14 mm.[4] Similar in appearance to other Trochosa species, the female T. terricola has a reddish abdomen while the male has darkened front legs. The two short lines which are visible on carapace are a diagnostic feature of Trochosa wolf spiders. The light cardiac mark separates it from Trochosa ruricola which has a dark cardiac mark.[5]

Habitat

Trochosa terricola is found in woodland, grassland, heathland and industrial sites and is often encountered under stones and logs, but overall it shows a preference for drier, heath-like conditions, although has been found in pitfall traps in areas of bog and marsh. Unlike the related T. ruricola it can be common in upland areas.[1]

Biology

Adults, both males and females, have been recorded from March to November, with a peak from spring to mid-summer,[1] although in warmer areas in can be active throughout the year.[3] This spider generally appears more sluggish than the Pardosa wolf spiders with which it is sympatric.[3] T. terricola is normally most active at night.[4] It has been recorded as a prey item of the pompilid wasps Priocnemis perturbator and Anoplius viaticus[6]

A spider wasp Anoplius viaticus with captured Trochosa terricola

Distribution

Holarctic,[2] in Europe it is found throughout the continent and Great Britain and Ireland but is absent from Iceland.[4]

References

"Summary for Trochosa terricola (Araneae)". British Arachnological Society. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
"Taxon details Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
"Trochosa terricola". Stefan Sollfors, Eurospiders.com. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
"Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856". Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A, Kropf C: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.unibe.ch. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
"Trochosa terricola". NatureSpot. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
Edwards, R. & Telfer, M.G., eds. 2002. Provisional atlas of the aculeate Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland. Part 4. Huntingdon: Biological Records Centre.

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[BritishSpiders-1] "Summary for Trochosa terricola (Araneae)". British Arachnological Society. Retrieved 3 September 2016.

[WSC_s21060-2] "Taxon details Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2016-09-03.

[eurospiders-3] "Trochosa terricola". Stefan Sollfors, Eurospiders.com. Retrieved 3 September 2016.

[araneae-4] "Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856". Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A, Kropf C: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.unibe.ch. Retrieved 3 September 2016.

[naturespot-5] "Trochosa terricola". NatureSpot. Retrieved 3 September 2016.

[Edwards-6] Edwards, R. & Telfer, M.G., eds. 2002. Provisional atlas of the aculeate Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland. Part 4. Huntingdon: Biological Records Centre.