Toxopneustidae

Toxopneustidae is a family of globular sea urchins in the class Echinoidea.

Toxopneustidae
Tripneustes gratilla
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Class:
Echinoidea
Order:
Camarodonta
Family:
Toxopneustidae

Genera
See text

Characteristics

All Camarodonts have imperforate tubercles and compound ambulacral plates. In addition, the Toxopneustids are characterised by the peristome, or opening through the test, having a sharp margin with the buccal notches being prominent. The tubercles lack the crenulations or ring of cog-like structures that articulate with the spines in certain other families. The Aristotle's lantern, or jaw apparatus, has the keeled teeth and the epiphyses united above the foramen magnum, the V-shaped gap between the hemipyramids that support the lantern's tooth.[2]

Genera
  • Goniopneustes Duncan, 1889
  • Gymnechinus Mortensen, 1903b
  • Lytechinus A. Agassiz, 1863
  • Nudechinus H.L. Clark, 1912
  • Oligophyma Pomel, 1869
  • Pseudoboletia Troschel, 1869
  • Schizechinus Pomel, 1869
  • Scoliechinus Arnold & H.L. Clark, 1927
  • Sphaerechinus Desor, 1856
  • Toxopneustes L. Agassiz, 1841b
  • Tripneustes L. Agassiz, 1841b [1]

See also

References
  1. Toxopneustidae World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
  2. The Echinoid Directory The Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
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