Tip, Tap and Toe

Tip, Tap, and Toe were a seminal African-American the tap-dance comedy act that began in the late 1920s and appeared in several motion pictures in the 1930s and '40s. Its original members were Sammy Green, Teddy Frazier, and Raymond Winfield. At times it included Freddie James and Prince Spencer, also a member of The Four Step Brothers. They worked for Eddie Cantor at Palace Theatre in New York and performed on their own at the Paramount Theatre, and were in George White's Scandals of 1936[1] and the Cotton Club Review.[2] African-Americans were not allowed to star in major motion pictures in the 1930s and '40s, but specially acts, such as Tip, Tap, and Toe, were permitted,[3] and the group appeared in all least five major Hollywood films during that time.[1]

According to the Library of Congress Performing Arts Database[1]

They were among the first to line up and tap the same sounds using different steps or the same steps making different sounds, and then to build on that idea. Raymond Winfield is said to have contributed to the act's innovative slides. Working on a small oval platform, Winfield slid forward, backward, sideways, and around, as if he had buttered feet on a hot stove: gravity-defying balance with a maximum of activity on a minimum of space.

Filmography

Television appearances

References
  1. "Tip, Tap, and Toe". Performing Arts Database. U.S. Library of Congress.
  2. StreetSwing Dance History Archives
  3. "Tap Dance". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  4. Tip, Tap & Toe, Internet Movie Database (IMDB)
  • Marshall and Jean Stearns, Jazz Dance: The Story of American Vernacular Dance (1968) p. 272
  • Larry Billman, Film Choreographers and Stage Directors: an Illustrated Biographic Encyclopedia, 1893–1995 (1995) pp. 66, 146, 389, 508-509
  • Rusty Frank, TAP! The Greatest Tap Dance Stars and Their Stories 1900-1955 (1995), pp. 65, 229, 295, films: 303-315
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