Timeline of machine translation

This is a timeline of machine translation. For a more detailed qualitative account, see the history of machine translation page.

Timeline
YearMonth and date (if available)Event typeEvent
1924FebruaryProposalThe first known machine translation proposal was made in Estonia and involved a typewriter-translator.
1933July 5ProposalGeorges Artsrouni patents a general-purpose device with many potential applications in France. He seems to have been working on the device since 1929.[1]
1933September 5ProposalPeter Petrovich Troyanskii is awarded an author's certificate (patent) for a proposal to use a mechanized dictionary for translation between languages.[1][2]
1939-1944ProposalTroyanskii approaches the Academy of Sciences in Russia with his proposal for machine translation, seeking to work with linguists. Discussions continue till 1944, but not much comes out of it.[2]
1949JulyProposalWarren Weaver, working for the Rockefeller Foundation in the United States, puts forward a proposal for machine translation based on information theory, successes of code breaking during the second world war and speculation about universal underlying principles of natural language.[3]
1954January 7DemonstrationThe Georgetown-IBM experiment, held at the IBM head office in New York City in the United States, offers the first public demonstration of machine translation. The system itself, however, is no more than what today would be called a "toy" system, having just 250 words and translating just 49 carefully selected Russian sentences into English — mainly in the field of chemistry. Nevertheless, it encourages the view that machine translation was imminent — and in particular stimulates the financing of the research, not just in the US but worldwide.[4]
1958-1960ReportIn 1958, linguist Yehoshua Bar-Hillel travels around the world visiting machine translation centers to better understand the work they were doing. In 1959, he writes up a report (intended primarily for the US government) pointing out some key difficulties with machine translation that he believed might doom the efforts then underway. An expanded version of the report is published in 1960 in the annual review journal Advances in Computers.[5] His main argument was that existing methods offered no way of resolving semantic ambiguities whose resolution required having an understanding of the terms being used, such as the ambiguity arising from a single word having multiple meanings.
1966ReportALPAC publishes a report commissioned by the United States government. The report concludes that machine translation is more expensive, less accurate and slower than human translation, and that despite the expenses, machine translation is not likely to reach the quality of a human translator in the near future. It recommends that tools be developed to aid translators — automatic dictionaries, for example — and that some research in computational linguistics should continue to be supported.[6][7] The report causes a significant decline in government funding for machine translation in the US, and to a lesser extent in the UK and Russia.
1968Creation of organizationSYSTRAN is started by Peter Toma.
1970Creation of organizationLogos is started by Bernard Scott.
1977DeploymentThe METEO System, developed at the Université de Montréal, is installed in Canada to translate weather forecasts from English to French, and is translating close to 80,000 words per day or 30 million words per year until it is replaced by a competitor's system on 30 September 2001.[8]
1984ProposalMakoto Nagao proposes example-based machine translation. The idea is to break down sentences into phrases (subsentential units) and learn the translations of those phrases using a corpus of examples. With enough phrases known, new sentences that combine existing phrases in a novel manner can be translated.[9]
1997Web translation toolThe world's first web translation tool, Babel Fish, is launched as a subdomain of the AltaVista search engine. The tool is created by Systran in collaboration with Digital Equipment Corporation.[10][11]
2006AprilWeb translation toolGoogle Translate is launched.[12]

See also

References
  1. Hutchins, John (2004). "Two precursors of machine translation" (PDF). Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  2. Hutchins, John; Lovtskii, Evgenii (2000). "Petr Petrovich Troyanskii (1894-1950): A Forgotten Pioneer of Mechanical Translation". Machine Translation. Springer. 15 (3): 187–221. doi:10.1023/A:1011653602669. JSTOR 40009018. S2CID 32916453.
  3. "Weaver memorandum". March 1949. Archived from the original on 2006-10-05.
  4. Hutchins, J. (2005). "The history of machine translation in a nutshell" (PDF).
  5. Hutchins, John (2000). "Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: A Philosopher's Contribution to Machine Translation" (PDF). Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  6. "Languages and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics". ALPAC. 1966. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  7. Hutchins, John (1996). "ALPAC: the (in)famous report" (PDF). Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  8. "PROCUREMENT PROCESS". Canadian International Trade Tribunal. 30 July 2002. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  9. Makoto Nagao (1984). "A framework of a mechanical translation between Japanese and English by analogy principle" (PDF). In A. Elithorn and R. Banerji (ed.). Artificial and Human Intelligence. Elsevier Science Publishers.
  10. "Real-Time Machine Translation on the Internet". Infotektur.com. May 1998. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  11. Edge, Business (2003-05-15). "BabelFish on the move - Business Edge News Magazine Archives". Businessedge.ca. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
  12. "Our history in depth (2006)". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
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