Timeline of Nanjing

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Prior to 3rd century

• 7000 BCE - Beiyinyang Neolithic people active.[1]
• 472 BCE - Castle built near Yuhuatai by Yue (state).[2]

3rd-12th centuries

• 229 CE - City becomes capital of Wu Kingdom.[1]
• 258 CE - Imperial University founded.
• 313 - City renamed "Jiankang."[2]
• 317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated to Jiankang.[3]
• 420 - City becomes capital of the Liu Song Dynasty.[2]
• 479 - City becomes capital of the Southern Qi Dynasty.[2]
• 502 - City becomes capital of the Liang dynasty.[2]
• 557 - City becomes capital of the Chen Dynasty.[2]
• 937 - Nan Tang in power.[2]
• 1168 - Jiangnan Examination Hall built.

14th century

Map of Nanjing (Jinling, Yingtian Fu) in Ming Dynasty

• 1367 - construction of Ming Palace begun, completed in 1368.
• 1368 - City becomes capital of Ming Dynasty, renamed Yingtian.
• 1373 - Hongwu Emperor substantially expands Ming Palace compound, completed in 1375.
• 1381 - Imperial University campus relocated to Xuanwu Lake.[4]
• 1382 - Drum Tower built.[2]
• 1386 - City Wall of Nanjing and Jubao Gate constructed.

15th-18th centuries

Nanjing, ca.1660s

• 1408 - Yongle Encyclopedia written.
• 1421 - Capital of Ming Dynasty relocated from Nanjing to Beijing.[2]
• 1430 - Porcelain Tower of Nanjing built.[5]
• 1441 - 1441 Yangtze flood.
• 1657 - City besieged by forces of Koxinga.[6]
• 1723 - Viceroy of Liangjiang residence relocated to Nanjing.[6]

19th century

• 1842
  • British in power.[7]
  • 29 August: City hosts signing of Treaty of Nanking.
• 1853 - Battle of Nanjing (1853).
• 1856 - Battle of Nanking (1856).
• 1858 - City designated a Treaty port per Treaties of Tianjin.[7]
• 1864 - Third Battle of Nanking.
• 1870 - Chaotian Palace and Presidential Palace built.
• 1890 - Naval college opens.[7]
• 1899 - Foreign trade begins.[6]

20th century

• 1902 - Sanjiang Normal College (later renamed Nanjing University) founded.[2]
• 1907 - Jiangnan Library opens.
• 1909 - Shanghai-Nanjing railroad opens.[7]
• 1910
  • 1910 Nanyang industrial exposition.[6]
  • Population: 140,000 (approximate).[7]
• 1911
  • 10 November: City besieged by Manchu forces.[8]
  • 2 December: Rebels take city.
• 1921 - Population: 380,000.[9]
• 1927
  • March: Nanking Incident.
  • Nanjing Special (No.1) Popular Library founded.
• 1928
  • Central Guoshu Institute established.
  • Liu Chi-wen becomes mayor.
• 1929 - Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum built.
• 1930 - Wei Tao-ming becomes mayor.
• 1931 - City becomes capital of the Republic of China.
• 1936 - Jiangsu Art Gallery founded.
• 1937
  • Nanking Safety Zone set up.
  • 9 December: Battle of Nanking begins.
  • 12 December: USS Panay incident.
  • 13 December: Japanese forces take city.
  • Nanking Massacre.
• 1940
  • City becomes capital of the Reorganized National Government of China.
  • Cai Pei becomes mayor.
• 1941 - Zhou Xuechang becomes mayor.
• 1949 - 23 April: People's Liberation Army takes city.
• 1952 - Nanjing College of Aviation Industry[2] and Wutaishan Sports Center founded.
• 1953 - Nanjing University of Science and Technology founded.[2]
• 1957 - Population: 1,419,000.[10]
• 1958 - Taiping Kingdom History Museum active.
• 1968
  • Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.[11]
  • Nanjing Railway Station opens.
• 1988
  • December: Nanjing anti-African protests.
  • Nanjing High-tech Industrial Development Zone established.[12]
• 1994 - Jiangsu Sainty Football Club formed.
• 1995 - City administration re-organized.[2]
• 1996 - Jiangsu Dragons basketball team formed.
• 1997 - Lukou Airport opens.
• 2000 - Jiangning District becomes part of Nanjing municipality.[12]

21st century

• 2001 - Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.
• 2002
  • Jiangpu and Liuhe districts become part of Nanjing municipality.[12]
  • Luo Zhijun becomes mayor.
• 2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens.
• 2005
  • Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center opens.
  • Nanjing Metro and Nanjing–Qidong Railway begins operating.[2]
  • 10th National Games of China held.
• 2008
  • Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway begins operating.
  • World Urban Forum held.
• 2009 - Zifeng Tower built.
• 2010
  • 28 July: Chemical plant explosion.
  • Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built.
• 2013 - Air pollution in Nanjing reaches annual mean of 72 PM2.5 and 137 PM10, much higher than recommended.[13]

See also

• Nanjing history
• List of Nanjing art groups
• Population of Nanking in December of 1937
• Urbanization in China

References

1. Schellinger 1996.
2. Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011). Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.
3. Chye Kiang Heng (1999), Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press, ISBN 9971692236
4. Chia 2005.
5. C.C. Clarke (1820), The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.
6. Madrolle 1912.
7. Britannica 1910.
8. "Manchus' Day of Massacre" (PDF). New York Times. 11 November 1911.
9. Chu 1922.
10. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Nanking
11. Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 9781845428808
12. Ivan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.), The New Rich in China, Routledge, ISBN 9780415455640
13. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva

This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 14th-19th centuries

• Hongwu Jingcheng Tuzhi [Illustrated Gazetteer of the Capital in the Hongwu Era]. 1395.
• Chu Chih-fan; Lu Shou-po (1624). Jinling Tuyong [Gazetteer of Nanjing].
• Johannes Nieuhof (1668), "(Nanking)", Legatio batavica ad magnum Tartariæ chamum Sungteium, modernum Sinæ imperatorem (in Latin), Amstelodami: Jacob von Meurs, OCLC 2134985
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nanking", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse

Published in the 20th century

• Louis Gaillard (1901), Nanking Port ouvert, Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, OL 14264158M
• Louis Gaillard (1903), Aperçu historique et géographique [Historical and geographical overview], Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Impr. de la Mission catholique, OCLC 6976461, OL 6962395M
• "Nanking", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Claudius Madrolle (1912), "Nanking", Northern China, Paris: Hachette & Company, OCLC 8741409
• Coching Chu (1922), The climate of Nanking during the period 1905-1921, Nanking, OL 7245788M
• Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996), "Nanjing", International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046

Published in the 21st century

• Lucille Chia (2005). "Of Three Mountains Street: the Commercial Publishers of Ming Nanjing". Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China. University of California Press.

External links

• Items related to Nanjing, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
• Items related to Nanking, various dates (via Europeana).