Timeline of Frankfurt

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Prior to 19th century

• 843 CE - City becomes capital of East Francia.
• 1180 - Staufenmauer built.
• 1241 - Judenschlacht.
• 1333 - City expands.
• 1349 - Judenschlacht.
• 1360 - Schützenverein Frankfurt-Höchst (militia) formed.[1]
• 1370 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[2]
• 1372
  • Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of Holy Roman Empire.
  • City buys forest from Charles IV.
• 1405 - Römer converted into city hall.
• 1428 - Eschenheimer Turm built.
• 1462 - Frankfurter Judengasse established.
• 1493 - Passion play begins.[3]
• 1531 - Printing press in operation.[4]
• 1581 - Rumpolt's cookbook published.[5]
• 1585 - Bourse established.
• 1648 - Peace of Westphalia confirms Frankfurt as an Imperial Free City.
• 1681 - St. Catherine's Church built.
• 1719 - Fire.
• 1739 - Palais Thurn und Taxis built.
• 1742 - The Palais Barckhaus at Zeil in Frankfurt serves as residence of Emperor Charles VII until 1744
• 1748 - Gebrüder Bethmann formed.
• 1750 - Mainzer Landstraße built.
• 1759 - January: City occupied by French.[6]
• 1774 - Botanical garden laid out.
• 1790 - 9 October: Coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1792 - City occupied by French.

19th century

• 1806
  • City occupied by French.
  • City becomes Principality of Frankfurt, under Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg.
• 1808 - Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (orchestra) established.[7]
• 1810 - City becomes part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
• 1812 - City refortified.
• 1815 - Städel founded.
• 1816 - Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of German Confederation.
• 1829 - Frankfurter Kunstverein founded.
• 1833
  • Frankfurter Wachensturm.[8]
  • Paulskirche built.
• 1839 - Taunus Railway begins operating.
• 1843 - Alte Börse (Frankfurt am Main) (stock exchange) built.
• 1846 - International Penitentiary Congress held in Frankfurt.[9]
• 1848
  • September: "Uprising."[8]
  • Frankfurt Assembly formed.
• 1849 - Constitution of the German Empire proclaimed by Frankfurt Parliament.
• 1856 - Frankfurter Zeitung begins publication.
• 1858 - Frankfurt Zoological Garden founded.[10]
• 1859 - Frankfurt City Link Line begins operating.
• 1861 - Population: 71,462.[11]
• 1863 - Federation of German Workers Associations founded in Frankfurt.[12]
• 1866 - City becomes part of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia.[8]
• 1867 - Frankfurt Cathedral rebuilt.
• 1868 - Eiserner Steg (bridge) built.[13]
• 1871
  • Treaty of Frankfurt signed.[8]
  • Palmengarten opens.
• 1872 - Trams begin operating.
• 1875 - Population: 103,136.
• 1878 - Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium - Musikakademie founded.
• 1879 - Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt (market) opens.[14]
• 1880 - Alte Oper inaugurated.
• 1881 - Metallgesellschaft founded.
• 1886 - Frankfurter Friedensverein (peace group) organized.[15]
• 1895
  • Bockenheim becomes part of city.
  • Stempel Type Foundry established.
  • Population: 229,279.
• 1897 - Frankfurt Motor Show begins.

20th century

1900s-1940s

• 1904 - Museum der Weltkulturen founded.
• 1905 - Population: 334,978.
• 1909
  • Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus established.
  • Festhalle built.
• 1914 - University of Frankfurt established.
• 1919 - Population: 433,002.[16]
• 1923 - Institute for Social Research founded.
• 1925 - Husarendenkmal (Frankfurt am Main) (monument) installed.
• 1926 - Alte Brücke (Frankfurt am Main) (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1928
  • Höchst becomes part of city.[17]
  • Großmarkthalle built.
  • Population: 551,200.
• 1929
  • Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra formed.[18]
  • Holy Cross Church built.
• 1930 - IG Farben Building constructed.
• 1931 - Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion opens.
• 1934 - Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer established.
• 1936
  • Frankfurt Airport opens.
  • Grüneburgpark opens.
• 1938 - Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts founded.
• 1944 - Bombing begins.
• 1945
  • March: Battle of Frankfurt
  • July: American zone of Allied-occupied Germany headquartered in Frankfurt.
  • Frankfurter Rundschau begins publication.
• 1946 - Eschwege displaced persons camp set up.
• 1948
  • Hessischer Rundfunk begins broadcasting.
  • Bank deutscher Länder headquartered in Frankfurt.[19]
• 1949
  • Frankfurt Book Fair resumes.
  • Deutsches Institut für Filmkunde founded.
  • Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.

1950s-1990s

• 1951 - Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt built.
• 1953 - Population: 600,579.
• 1954 - Goethe House opens.
• 1955 - Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport opens.
• 1957 - Deutsche Bundesbank headquartered in Frankfurt.[19]
• 1958
  • Noor Mosque built.[20]
  • Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt and Cinema Kino[21] open.
• 1959 - Justizvollzugsanstalt Frankfurt am Main IV (prison) begins operating.
• 1960
  • Sigmund-Freud-Institut founded.
  • City twinned with Lyon, France.[22]
• 1963 - Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials begin.
• 1966 - City twinned with Birmingham, United Kingdom.[22]
• 1967 - City twinned with Deuil-La Barre, France.[22]
• 1968 - Frankfurt U-Bahn begins operating.
• 1970
  • Peace Research Institute Frankfurt[23] and Frankfurter Autoren Theater founded.
  • City twinned with Milan, Italy.[22]
• 1974 - City-Haus built.
• 1978
  • Rhine-Main S-Bahn begins operating.
  • Historic Railway museum founded.
• 1979
  • Europaturm built.
  • Titanic magazine begins publication.
  • City twinned with Cairo, Egypt.[22]
• 1980 - City twinned with Tel Aviv, Israel.[22]
• 1981
  • Frankfurt Marathon begins.
  • Museum für Moderne Kunst founded.
• 1984 - German Architecture Museum opens.[24]
• 1987 - Neues Theater Höchst founded.
• 1988 - City twinned with Guangzhou, China.[22]
• 1989
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).[25]
  • City twinned with Toronto, Canada.[22]
• 1990 - City twinned with Budapest, Hungary, and Prague, Czech Republic.[22]
• 1991
  • Andreas von Schoeler becomes mayor.
  • City twinned with Granada, Nicaragua, Kraków, Poland, and Leipzig.[22][26]
• 1992 - Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main) (Institute for City History) established.
• 1993
  • Westendstrasse 1 built.
  • Deutsche Börse headquartered in Frankfurt.
• 1994 - European Monetary Institute headquartered in Frankfurt.[19]
• 1995
  • Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange founded.
  • Petra Roth becomes mayor.
• 1996 - City website online (approximate date).[27]
• 1998 - European Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt.
• 1999 - Main Tower built.
• 2000
  • Museum Giersch opens.
  • Population: 646,550.

21st century

• 2001 - Cinestar Metropolis (movie theatre) in business.[21]
• 2002 - Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
• 2003
  • Bikeshare program launched.[28]
  • Adorno-Denkmal (monument) installed.
• 2005
  • Wikimania conference held in city.
• 2007
  • Centre for Christian Meditation and Spirituality of the Diocese of Limburg in the Holy Cross Church in Bornheim founded.
  • City twinned with Dubai, United Arab Emirates.[26]
• 2009 - Zeil renovated.
• 2011 - City twinned with Yokohama, Japan.[26]
• 2012
  • Peter Feldmann becomes mayor.[29]
• 2013 - City twinned with Eskişehir, Turkey.[26]
• 2014 - Population: 714,241.
• 2015
  • Economic unrest.
  • City twinned with Philadelphia, United States.[26]

See also

• History of Frankfurt am Main
• List of mayors of Frankfurt

Other cities in the state of Hesse:^(de)

• Timeline of Kassel

References

1. Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
2. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
3. William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6489-4.
4. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
5. Alan Davidson (2014). Oxford Companion to Food (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-104072-6.
6. Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756-1763. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6.
7. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
8. Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
9. Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
10. Führer durch den zoologischen Garten in Frankfurt-am-Main (in German), Frankfurt a.M, 1870, OL 24532112M
11. Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Deutschland: Frankfurt am Main". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
12. Masao Nishikawa (2010). Socialists and International Actions for Peace 1914-1923. Frank & Timme. ISBN 978-3-86596-296-6.
13. Tiefbauwesen 1903.
14. Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
15. Alfred Hermann Fried (1905). Handbuch der Friedensbewegung [Handbook of the Peace Movement] (in German). Vienna: Verlag der Oesterreichischen Friedensgesellschaft.
16. "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
17. "Die Entwicklung zur modernen Großstadt 1866-1945", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
18. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
19. Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002). "Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
20. Jocelyne Cesari, ed. (2014). Oxford Handbook of European Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960797-6.
21. "Movie Theaters in Frankfurt, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
22. "Die Zeitgeschichte 1945-2000", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
23. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
24. Deutsches Architekturmuseum. "About Us". Retrieved July 22, 2012.
25. "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
26. Frankfurts Partnerstädte (in German), Stadt Frankfurt am Main, retrieved 30 September 2015
27. "Stadt Frankfurt Online" (in German). Archived from the original on December 1996 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
28. "Exploring Bike-Shares In Other Cities". New York Bike Share Project. Storefront for Art and Architecture. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
29. "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Published in 18th-19th centuries

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Frankfort", The Grand Tour, 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
• Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Frankfort on the Maine", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e

Published in 20th century

• Frankfurt am Main. City Engineers Dept. (1907). Guide to Some of the Public Works of Frankfort-am-Main.
• Frankfurter Verkehrsverein (1908). Official guide for Frankfort-on-Main and vicinity. Frankfort-on-Main: R. Th. Hauser & Co.
• "Frankfort-on-Main", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• "Frankfort", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483 + 1882 ed.
• Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Frankfort-am-Main", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
• Martin Herbert Dodge (1920), The government of the city of Frankfort-on-the Main, [New York?], OCLC 2056934, OL 6632558M
• Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Frankfurt". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
• Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich (1999). "Chronicle of Frankfurt as a financial centre (chronology)". Frankfurt as a Financial Centre: From Medieval Trade Fair to European Banking Centre. C.H.Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-45671-8.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (chronology)

in German

• "Franckfurt". Topographia Hassiae et Regionum Vicinarum. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. p. 27+. circa 1646/1655
• "Frankfurt a.M.". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
• Stadtgemeinde Frankfurt a.M. (1903). Das städtische Tiefbauwesen in Frankfurt a.M. (in German). Schirmer & Mahkau.
• Frankfurt a.M. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). 1912.
• P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Frankfurt a.M.". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.

External links

• Tourismus+Congress GmbH. Frankfurt City History