Three Cups of Tea

Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Promote Peace ... One School at a Time (original hardcover title: Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Fight Terrorism and Build Nations ... One School at a Time) is a controversial book by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin published by Penguin in 2007. The book describes Mortenson's transition from a registered nurse and mountain climber to a humanitarian committed to reducing poverty and elevating education for girls in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Following the beginnings of his humanitarian efforts, Mortenson co-founded the Central Asia Institute (CAI), a non-profit group that has reported overseeing the construction of over 171 schools as of 2010.[1] CAI reported that these schools provide education to over 64,000 children, including 54,000 girls,[2] in the remote regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan, where few education opportunities previously existed.[3][4][5]

Three Cups of Tea
Cover of Three Cups of Tea
AuthorGreg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
GenreMemoir
PublisherPenguin Group
Publication date
2006, 2007, 2008
Media typeHardcover, Paperback, Audio CD
Pages368
ISBN978-0-14-303825-2
OCLC83299454
Followed byStones into Schools 

The book's title was inspired by a saying Haji Ali shared with Mortenson: "The first time you share tea with a Balti, you are a stranger. The second time you take tea, you are an honored guest. The third time you share a cup of tea, you become family..."[6] Three Cups of Tea remained on the New York Times nonfiction bestseller's list for four years.[7][8]

In April 2011, critiques and challenges of the book and Mortenson surfaced. Author Jon Krakauer alleged that a number of Mortenson's claims in the book are fictitious and accused him of mismanaging CAI funds.[9][10][11][12] In 2012, Mortenson agreed to repay $1 million to CAI following an investigation by the Montana attorney general. The inquiry determined that he had misspent over $6 million of the organization's money, although no criminality was found.[13]

Summary

In 1993, mountaineer Greg Mortenson attempted to climb K2, the world's second highest mountain, located in the Karakoram range of Gilgit-Baltistan, as a way of honoring the memory of his deceased sister, Christa. As a memorial, he had planned to lay her amber necklace on the mountain's summit.[14] After more than 70 days on the mountain, Mortenson and three other climbers had their ascent interrupted by the need to complete a 75-hour life-saving rescue of a fifth climber. Mortenson became lost while descending alone, and became weak and exhausted. Instead of arriving in Askole, where his porters awaited, he came across Korphe, a small village built on a shelf jutting out from a canyon. He was greeted and taken in by the chief elder of Korphe, Haji Ali.[15]

Mortenson soon found out that the village had no school. To repay the remote community for their hospitality, Mortenson recounted in the book that he promised to build a school for the village. After difficulties in raising capital, Mortenson was introduced to Jean Hoerni, a Silicon Valley pioneer who donated the money that Mortenson needed for his school. In the last months of his life, Hoerni co-founded the Central Asia Institute with Mortenson, endowing the CAI to build schools in rural Pakistan and Afghanistan.[16]

According to the book, Mortenson faced many daunting challenges in his quest to raise funds for the building of more than 55 schools in Taliban territory. Some of these challenges included death threats from Islamic mullahs, long periods of separation from his family, and being kidnapped by Taliban sympathizers.[17]

Authorship

Though Mortenson and Relin are given equal credit for authoring Three Cups of Tea, it is written from Relin's perspective as a journalist interviewing and observing Mortenson. In the introduction, Relin admitted that his desire to see Mortenson's project succeed likely influenced his objectivity as a reporter.[18] Elizabeth Kaplan, the agent for the book, later acknowledged that the relationship between Mortenson and Relin was difficult.[19] Mortenson, who was often traveling, was hard to track down, and Relin spoke publicly about how Mortenson should not have been named a co-author.[19] As detailed in a New York Times article, Relin "suffered emotionally and financially as basic facts in the book were called into question" and later committed suicide on November 15, 2012.[19][20]

Publication

The original hardback edition of the book was released in 2006 with the subtitle One Man's Mission to Fight Terrorism One School at a Time. Mortenson fought against this subtitle, and the edition sold only 20,000 copies. He continued to prevail upon the publishers to change the subtitle to his first choice for the 2007 paperback edition: One Man's Mission to Promote Peace One School at a Time. His publisher relented, and the re-titled book made the New York Times nonfiction paperback bestseller list. Mortenson explained his reasoning for the subtitle in a lecture given in Fairfield, Connecticut: "If you just fight terrorism, it's based in fear. If you promote peace, it's based in hope." [21]

The book remained a number one New York Times bestseller for three years after its release.[22] The book has been published in over 39 countries and has been chosen for One City One Book community reads in over 300 cities. It continues to be a popular university freshman or campus read on about three dozen campuses, and is used on over 100 university and college campuses as a Freshman Experience, Honor's program, or campus-wide read book. A young adult version of Three Cups of Tea was published by Penguin on January 22, 2009.

Controversy

Criticism

In 2010, South Asian scholar and anthropologist Nosheen Ali criticized Three Cups of Tea in that “it constructs a misleading narrative of terror in which the realities of Northern Pakistan and Muslim life-worlds are distorted through simplistic tropes of ignorance, backwardness and extremism, while histories of US geopolitics and violence are erased.”[23]

In regard to Mortenson's management style at the Central Asia Institute, Nicholas D. Kristof, formerly a supporter, said that Mortenson is "utterly disorganized", and added, "I am deeply troubled that only 41 percent of the money raised in 2009 went to build schools."[24] In a deeper look into Mortenson's business dealings, British journalist Jonathan Foreman wrote in a 2008 Daily Telegraph story that CAI's success was due in part to Mortenson's use of intuition and last-minute decision-making. Foreman explained that Mortenson was habitually late for meetings but that those traits worked well and were important to the success of his work in the Balti region of Pakistan. Baltistanis have no tenses in their language, are vague on their timekeeping, and make their own decisions largely based on intuition.[25]

Allegations

On the April 17, 2011, broadcast of CBS News' 60 Minutes, correspondent Steve Kroft alleged inaccuracies in Three Cups of Tea and its sequel, Stones into Schools: Promoting Peace with Books, Not Bombs, in Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as financial improprieties in the operation of the Central Asia Institute. The 60 Minutes report made the following allegations:

  • Some of the events recounted in Three Cups of Tea, including Mortenson getting lost on the way down from K2, stumbling into Korphe, and promising to build a school, did not take place.[26]
  • The story recounted in Stones into Schools about Mortenson's capture by the Taliban did not occur. His purported kidnappers state he was a guest, and the Taliban did not exist in the country at that time.[27]
  • Schools that the Central Asia Institute claims to have built either have not been built, have been built and abandoned, are used for other purposes such as grain storage, or have not been supported by CAI after they were built.[26]
  • The amount of money Central Asia Institute spends on advertising Mortenson's books and paying the travel expenses of his speaking tours, including hiring private jets, is excessive relative to other comparable charitable institutions.[26]

60 Minutes asked Mortenson for an interview before their broadcast, but he did not respond to their requests.[26]

Jon Krakauer, a former financial supporter of CAI, questioned Mortenson's accounts separately and was interviewed for the 60 Minutes segment. The day after the broadcast, Krakauer published his allegations in a lengthy online article, Three Cups of Deceit — How Greg Mortenson, Humanitarian Hero, Lost His Way.[28] In the article, Krakauer documents how he had been captivated by Mortenson's story and donated substantial sums to CAI, but subsequently heard stories of misconduct and began investigating. Krakauer stated that he invited Mortenson to address his allegations and scheduled an interview where Mortenson lives, but Mortenson canceled the interview.[29]

Responses

Mortenson responded to the allegations made against him in the Bozeman Chronicle: "I stand by the information conveyed in my book, and by the value of CAI's work in empowering local communities to build and operate schools that have educated more than 60,000 students." Mortenson further explained, "The time about our final days on K2 and ongoing journey to Korphe village and Skardu is a compressed version of events that took place in the fall of 1993..."[30]

Scott Darsney, a respected mountaineer and friend of Greg Mortenson, sent an email, subsequently turned into an exclusive article for the online version of Outside magazine, as a response to the allegations against Mortenson.[31] Darsney questioned the accuracy and fairness of both the Krakauer piece and the 60 Minutes report. Darsney had been interviewed by Krakauer, and maintained that Krakauer either misquoted or misunderstood what he said.

CAI responded to Krakauer's allegations by releasing a comprehensive list of projects completed over several years and currently in progress. The list was released in December 2011.

In April 2012, following a year of investigation by the Montana attorney general, Mortenson agreed to repay $1 million to the CAI. The Montana inquiry determined that he had misspent over $6 million of the organization's money, although no criminality was found. Montana Attorney General Steve Bullock said: "Mr Mortenson may not have intentionally deceived the board or his employees, but his disregard for and attitude about basic record-keeping and accounting for his activities essentially had the same effect."[13]

Lawsuits

In May 2011, Jean Price and Michele Reinhart, Democratic Party representatives in Montana, along with Dan Donovan, a Great Falls attorney, filed a class-action lawsuit against Mortenson and asked a federal judge in Missoula to place all proceeds from the purchase of Mortenson's books into a trust to be used for humanitarian purposes. The total of Mortenson's book sales then stood near $5 million.[32][33][34] In June 2011, Price dropped out of the suit because she had never read the book.[35] In Illinois, former school teacher Deborah Netter dropped her Illinois lawsuit against Mortenson in early July 2011, and joined the Montana lawsuit in mid-July.[36][37][38] The Montana lawsuit was dismissed on April 30, 2012.[39] In October 2013, an appeal of the dismissal of the class-action lawsuit claiming damages against Greg Mortenson over Three Cups of Tea was rejected by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.[40]

Awards
  • Kiriyama Prize
  • Time Magazine Asia Book of The Year
  • Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association – Nonfiction Award
  • Montana Honor Book Award
  • Borders Bookstore Original Voices Selection
  • Banff Mountain Festival Book Award Finalist
  • 2007 Nonfiction Runner-Up for the Dayton Literary Peace Prize[41]
  • People Magazine – Critics Choice
  • Publisher's Weekly – Starred Review
  • 2009 Italy: Premio Gambrinus “Giuseppe Mazzotti"[42]
  • Powell Book's Puddly Award (nonfiction), Portland[43]
  • 2010 The Christopher Award: "To affirm the highest values of the human spirit" [44]
  • 2010 The Mason Award - Extraordinary contribution in literature (George Mason University DC)[45]

Editions
  • 2006, Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Fight Terrorism One School at a Time. 1st Edition. Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-03482-6. Hardcover.
  • 2007, Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Promote Peace…One School at a Time. Tantor Media. ISBN 978-1-4001-5251-3. (Audio MP3 CD).
  • 2007, Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Promote Peace…One School at a Time. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-14-303825-2. Paperback.
  • 2009, Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Journey to Change The World…One Child at a Time (Young Adult Book). Mortenson, Greg; Relin, David Oliver; signature by Amira Mortenson, forward by Jane Goddall. Puffin. ISBN 0-14-241412-3.
  • 2009, Listen To The Wind: The Story of Dr. Greg and Three Cups of Tea, (Children's book). Mortenson, Greg; Roth, Susan – illustrator. Dial Books. ISBN 978-0-8037-3058-8.

Sequel

A sequel to Three Cups of Tea, titled Stones into Schools: Promoting Peace With Books, Not Bombs, In Afghanistan and Pakistan , was released on December 1, 2009, by Viking Press. Stones Into Schools explores the progress of Mortenson's seventeen-year effort to promote female literacy and education, with an emphasis on the expansion of his efforts into Afghanistan and his expressed desire to help the U.S. military to promote peace and build relationships with the Afghan shura (leaders).[46]

References
  1. "The Power of Knowledge". Bridgewater State University. March 30, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-04-04. Retrieved 2011-06-26. Newslog, Bridgewater State University
  2. Aliya Anjum. "Education emergency in Pakistan". Pakistan Observer. Archived from the original on 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2011-06-26. Pakistan Observer, "Education Emergency in Pakistan"
  3. "Journey of Hope". Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
  4. "Mortenson Campaigned to Build Schools in Asia" Archived 2008-04-30 at the Wayback Machine, ABC News, March 8, 2006.
  5. Worldview: The lesson jihadis fear most – In the remote reaches of Pakistan, former mountain climber Greg Mortenson is besting extremists by building schools" Archived 2008-02-29 at the Wayback Machine, Philadelphia Inquirer, January 13, 2008.
  6. Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Promote Peace One School at a Time, by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin, Penguin Books, NY (2006), pg. 150.
  7. CNN reports number of years Three Cups of Tea on NYT Bestseller list Archived 2012-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, cnn.com; accessed December 9, 2016.
  8. "Paperback Nonfiction Bestsellers", The New York Times, March 16, 2008.
  9. Three Cups of Deceit Archived 2011-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, Jon Krakauer, April 2011.
  10. "‘Three Cups of Tea,’ Spilled", by Nicholas Kristof, New York Times, April 20, 2011
  11. "Greg Mortenson’s Tepid Defense", by Tom Wright, Wall Street Journal, April 27, 2011
  12. "Can't Get There From Here" Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine, Outside journal, Apr 27, 2011
  13. BBC. "Three Cups of Tea author must pay $1m to his charity". BBC. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  14. "Schools for Pakistan and Afghanistan" Archived 2008-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, Richard Halicks, The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, April 16, 2006.
  15. "Fresh Air" Archived 2008-04-01 at the Wayback Machine, with Terry Gross,National Public Radio (NPR), February 7, 2002.
  16. "Another Way to stop Terrorism" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Parade Magazine, March 5, 2006.
  17. Marilyn Gardner, "A failed mountaineer becomes a philanthropist after a village without a school saves his life" Archived 2008-04-05 at the Wayback Machine, Christian Science Monitor, September 12, 2006.
  18. Three Cups of Tea: One Man's Mission to Promote Peace One School at a Time. Introduction by David Oliver Relin, Penguin Books, 2007 edition, p. 5.
  19. Leslie Kaufman. "David Oliver Relin, Adventurous Journalist, Dies at 49". The New York Times, December 2, 2012.
  20. "Coroner: Three Cups of Tea" co-author David Oliver Relin commits suicide", CBS News, Accessed December 3, 2012.
  21. "Educating the World One Step at a Time", Alison Walkley, Fairfield Citizen News, March 7, 2008.
  22. Desmond, Matthew (2017-12-09). "Best Sellers - The New York Times - November 15, 2009". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  23. "Ali, Nosheen, Books vs Bombs? Humanitarian development and the narrative of terror in Northern Pakistan " Third World Quarterly, Issue 4 2010, pp 541-559". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. Kristof, Nicholas D. (April 20, 2011). "'Three Cups of Tea,' Spilled". New York Times.
  25. Foreman, Jonathan (2008-02-16). "Jonathan Foreman "Pakistan: Free to Learn" The Telegraph, 16 February 2008". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  26. "Questions over Greg Mortenson's stories". CBS News. April 15, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  27. "We Never Kidnapped Greg Mortenson". The Daily Beast. Apr 18, 2011.
  28. "Link to Krakauer's Amazon Kindle|Kindle". Archived from the original on 2011-06-24. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
  29. Stemle, Cary (April 20, 2011). "The Greg Mortenson Scandal: One University's Bitter Cup of Tea". Time.
  30. Gail Schontzler (April 15, 2011). "Mortenson under fire from '60 Minutes' — Bozeman philanthropist denies allegations". Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  31. Scott Darsney, “Scott Darsney Questions the Accuracy and Fairness of “Three Cups of Deceit””, Outside Magazine, April 13, 2009
  32. Greg Mortenson sued for fraud and racketeering for "Three Cups of Tea", The Daily Beast, May 6, 2011
  33. CNN wire staff. "Planned lawsuit targets charity, author of 'Three Cups of Tea'." CNN. May 7, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
  34. Complaint against Greg Mortenson and CAI Wall Street Journal May 5, 2011
  35. Price drops out of lawsuit in Montana Archived 2012-03-22 at the Wayback Machine
  36. Illinois Woman Joins Lawsuit Against Mortenson Archived 2012-03-13 at the Wayback Machine KBZK
  37. Washington Times - Woman Drops out of Three Cups of Tea Lawsuit Washington Times, July 7, 2011
  38. Illinois Woman Drops Lawsuit Against Mortenson Missoulian
  39. Mont. judge dismisses lawsuit against ‘Three Cups of Tea’ author Greg Mortenson, publisher Washington Post, April 30, 2012
  40. "Fraud suit against Greg Mortenson's '3 Cups of Tea' rejected". Los Angeles Times. 2013-10-11. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  41. "An International Award". Dayton Literary Peace Prize. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  42. Archived 2011-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  43. "Puddly Awards 2010". Powells Books. 2009-08-12. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
  44. "Christophers honor 13 authors & illustrators for books about love, courage & communication across cultures". The Christophers. 2010-04-07. Archived from the original on 2011-07-09. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
  45. "2010 The Mason Award". Sungazette.net. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  46. Neyfakh, Leon (2009-08-13). "Three Cups of Tea Authors Mortenson and Relin Part Ways; Latter Sells Next Book to Random House". Media. The New York Observer. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
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