Thomas Henderson (New Zealand politician)

Thomas Maxwell Henderson (1810 – 27 June 1886) was a New Zealand politician. He was one of the earliest settlers in Auckland. He was a significant entrepreneur, and the Auckland suburb of Henderson bears his name.

The Honourable Thomas Henderson
Thomas Henderson in 1860
New Zealand Legislative Council
In office 25 July 1878 – 27 June 1886
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Northern Division
In office 27 October 1855 – 5 June 1867
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Waitemata
In office 8 February 1871 – 24 April 1874
Member of the Auckland Provincial Council
In office 26 October 1855 – 18 August 1857
In office 26 October 1855 – 26 November 1865
Personal details
Born	1810 Dundee, Scotland
Died	27 June 1886 (aged 75 or 76) Wellington, New Zealand
Spouse(s)	Catherine Macfarlane ​ ​ (m. 1834; died 1867)​
Relations	Thomas Macfarlane (brother-in-law)
Profession	Politician, miller, trader, blacksmith

Early life

Henderson was born in Dundee, Scotland, in 1810. He was a blacksmith by trade and served his time as an engineer and machine maker.[1] He met the Macfarlane siblings in Perth; John, Henry and Catherine (1811–1867). He married Catherine in 1834.[2]

A family conference consisting all the above plus Ann Taylor (née Macfarlane) and her husband decided that they would answer to the advertisements for tradesmen and women to emigrate to New Zealand. They left Gravesend near London on 13 August 1840 on the barque London, arriving in Port Nicholson (Wellington) on 12 December. George Henderson, their 15 months old son, had died on the voyage. The Henderson and Macfarlane families went north, heading for Auckland at a time when not a single house had been erected yet.[1][2][3]

Professional career

He built the Commercial Hotel at a cost of £2000, and it was at the time the most pretentious building in Auckland.[1] During the Flagstaff War, he employed about 300 Māori in gumdigging and was credited by other colonists as keeping them from joining Hone Heke.[1] With his brother‑in‑law John Macfarlane, he formed the firm of Henderson and Macfarlane. They operated a mill from around 1847, after Governor Robert FitzRoy granted a land claim by them.[3]

John Macfarlane died of a heart attack in 1860, and his place in the company was taken by his elder brother Thomas Macfarlane.[4]

Henderson and Macfarlane owned the Circular Saw Line of vessels, which traded to Australia, China and America.[5] The company also engaged in coconut plantation operations and trading in copra. In 1897 the company merged its trading and plantation business with that of the trading and plantation firm of John T. Arundel, to form the Pacific Islands Company Ltd. The company was based in London with its trading activities in the Pacific.[6]

Henderson assisted in establishing the Bank of New Zealand, the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, the New Zealand Insurance Company and the Auckland Gas Company.[1]

Political career

New Zealand Parliament
Years	Term	Electorate		Party
1855–1860	2nd	Northern Division		Independent
1860	2nd	Northern Division		Independent
1861–1866	3rd	Northern Division		Independent
1866–1867	4th	Northern Division		Independent
1871–1874	5th	Waitemata		Independent

Henderson was first elected to the Auckland Provincial Council in the City of Auckland electorate on 26 October 1855. He served on the second Council until 18 August 1857.[7] From 26 November 1855 to 10 November 1856, he was a member of the Executive Council.[8] He served another period on the fifth Provincial Council, from 26 November 1865 to 5 June 1867, representing the Northern Division electorate.[7]

He represented the Northern Division electorate in the 2nd Parliament from 27 October 1855 to his resignation on 30 March 1860. He won the resulting 23 May 1860 by-election and continued representing the electorate for the remaining five months of the parliament's term.[9]

He was elected again for the 3rd Parliament in January 1861, and the 4th Parliament in February 1866, but he resigned on 5 June 1867. He then represented the Waitemata electorate in the 5th Parliament from February 1871 to 24 April 1874, when he again resigned.[9]

He was a minister without portfolio in the 1861–62 government of William Fox.[10] At the instance of Sir George Grey, who at the time was Premier, he was appointed to the Legislative Council on 25 July 1878 and served until his death in 1886.[11]

Other activities

Henderson imported Chinese pheasants (Phasianus colchicus torquatus) in 1851 and released them on his property. Around the same time, Walter Brodie imported English pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and released them near Mongonui. Henderson imported another lot of Chinese pheasants in 1856. Pheasants became common game birds in the North Island.[12]

Death and commemoration

Henderson suffered a paralytic stroke on 19 June 1886,[13] and died at the residence of George Graham in Wellington on Sunday, 27 June 1886.[1] His body was transferred to Auckland on the SS Penguin and buried in Symonds Street Cemetery beside his wife.[14] The Auckland suburb of Henderson is named after Thomas Henderson. Catherine Street in the centre of Henderson is named after his wife. All central Henderson streets were once named after members of the family (e.g. Thomas, Henry, John, Mary and George), but they have either been renamed or removed.[3]

Henderson donated land for a turf club in 1876. The land is these days occupied by the Plumer Domain and Henderson High School.[4]

Notes

1. Cyclopedia Company Limited 1902.
2. Flude 1993, Chapter 1.
3. "Henderson Heritage Trail". Waitakere City Council. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
4. Flude 1977, Chapter 2.
5. The Circular Saw Shipping Line. Anthony G. Flude (1993)
6. Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985). The Phosphateers. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 0-522-84302-6.
7. Scholefield 1950, p. 184.
8. Scholefield 1950, p. 181.
9. Scholefield 1950, p. 113.
10. Scholefield 1950, p. 32.
11. Scholefield 1950, p. 78.
12. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1868-1961 (PDF). Royal Society of New Zealand. p. 80. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
13. "A paralytic stroke". Grey River Argus. 26 June 1886. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
14. "Auckland". Bay Of Plenty Times. 29 June 1886. Retrieved 25 September 2011.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cyclopedia Company Limited (1902). The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Auckland Provincial District. Christchurch. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
• Flude, Anthony G. (1977). Henderson's Mill : A History of the Henderson Township in New Zealand. Retrieved 5 January 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Flude, Anthony G. (1993). Henderson & Macfarlane's Circular Saw Line, Est 1845 : The fleet that helped to build a city. Retrieved 5 January 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)