Thiophosphoryl chloride

Thiophosphoryl chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula PSCl3.[1] It is a colorless pungent smelling liquid that fumes in air. It is synthesized from phosphorus chloride and used to thiophosphorylate organic compounds, such as to produce insecticides.

Thiophosphoryl chloride
Ball-and-stick model of thiophosphoryl chloride
Space-filling model of thiophosphoryl chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Phosphorothioic trichloride
Other names
Thiophosphoryl chloride, Phosphorus sulfochloride, Phosphorus(V) sulfochloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.021.476
UNII
Properties
Cl3PS
Molar mass 169.4 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Density 1.67 g/cm3
Melting point −35 °C (−31 °F; 238 K)
Boiling point 125 °C (257 °F; 398 K)
Reacts
Solubility Soluble in benzene, Chloroform, CS2 and CCl4.
Hazards
Main hazards Violent hydrolysis
Safety data sheet Magnesium chloride MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Synthesis

Thiophosphoryl chloride can be generated by several reactions starting from phosphorus trichloride. The most common and practical synthesis, hence used in industrial manufacturing, is directly reacting phosphorus trichloride with excess sulfur at 180 °C.[2]

PCl3 + S → PSCl3

Using this method, yields can be very high after purification by distillation. Catalysts facilitate the reaction at lower temperatures, but are not usually necessary. Alternatively, it is obtained by combining phosphorus pentasulfide and phosphorus pentachloride.[3]

3 PCl5 + P2S5 → 5 PSCl3

Reactions

PSCl3 is soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and carbon disulfide.[1] However, it hydrolyzes rapidly in basic or hydroxylic solutions, such as alcohols and amines, to produce thiophosphates.[2] In water PSCl3 reacts, and contingent on the reaction conditions, produces either phosphoric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrochloric acid or dichlorothiophosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.[4]

PSCl3 + 4 H2O → H3PO4 + H2S + 3 HCl
PSCl3 + H2O → HOP(S)Cl2 + HCl

PSCl3 is used to thiophosphorylate, or add P=S, organic compounds.[2] This conversion is widely applicable for amines and alcohols, as well as amino alcohols, diols, and diamines.[1] Industrially, PSCl3 is used to produce insecticides, like parathion.[4]

PSCl3 + 2 C2H5OH → (C2H5O)2PSCl + 2 HCl
(C2H5O)2PSCl + NaOC6H4NO2 → (C2H5O)2PSOC6H4NO2 + NaCl

PSCl3 reacts with tertiary amides to generate thioamides.[1] For example:

C6H5C(O)N(CH3)2 + PSCl3 → C6H5C(S)N(CH3)2 + POCl3

When treated with methylmagnesium iodide, it give tetramethyldiphosphine disulfide ([Me2P(S)].2.[5]

References
  1. Spilling, C. D. "Thiophosphoryl Chloride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis John Wiley & Sons, Weinheim, 2001. doi: 10.1002/047084289X.rt104. Article Online Posting Date: April 15, 2001.
  2. Betterman, G.; Krause, W.; Riess, G.; Hofmann, T. (2005). "Phosphorus Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_527.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link).
  3. Martin, D. R.; Duvall, W. M. “Phosphorus(V) Sulfochloride” Inorganic Syntheses, 1953, Volume IV, p73. doi: 10.1002/9780470132357.ch24.
  4. Fee, D. C.; Gard, D. R.; Yang, C. “Phosphorus Compounds” Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2005. doi: 10.1002/0471238961.16081519060505.a01.pub2
  5. G. W. Parshall "Tetramethylbiphosphine Disulfide" Org. Synth. 1965, volume 45, p. 102. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.045.0102
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.