Theophilus Cazenove

Theophilus Cazenove, or Theophile Cazenove (13 October 1740 – 6 March 1811), was a Dutch financier and one of the agents of the Holland Land Company.

Theophilus Cazenove
Born13 October 1740
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Died6 March 1811
Paris, France
Spouse(s)
Margaretha Helena van Jever
​
​
(m. 1763; his death 1811)​
Parent(s)Théophile Cazenove
Marie de Rapin-Thoyras
RelativesAntoine Charles Cazenove (cousin)

Life and career

Theophilus Cazenove was born in Amsterdam on 13 October 1740, as the son of Théophile Cazenove and Marie de Rapin-Thoyras, French/Swiss Huguenots.[1]

His father was a merchant and banker in Bordeaux, Saint Petersburg, Archangelsk, Stockholm and the West-Indies; in 1759 he lost four ships loaded with sugar and coffee, which were taken by a Bristol privateer.[2] In 1760, the elder Théophile gave up his business and his sons Charles and Theophile assumed control of the company.

Career

Cazenove spent his early career in commercial transactions in France and Russia, but went broke in 1770. In the same year, his portrait was painted by Jean-Baptiste Perronneau.[3][4] After the death of his father-in-law he was involved in a plantation in Surinam. In 1788, he collaborated with Étienne Clavière and Jacques Pierre Brissot, who both traveled to the United States.[5]

In November 1789, Cazenove was retained by Pieter Stadnitski to travel to the United States to act as an investment agent for Stadnitski and other Dutch investors (Nicolaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, Pieter & Christiaen Van Eeghen, and Ten Cate & Vollenhoven).[6][7] Casenove settled in at Market Street in Philadelphia, where he dealt with financier Robert Morris; his fellow traveller Gerrit Boon later went north. Boon believed that harvesting maple syrup could be a year-round activity, so slavery on the sugarcane plantations could be avoided.

In 1792, Cazenove invested his clients' money in development bonds issued by the new states and the federal government, after Alexander Hamilton promised to fully pay the debt. Another venture included investing in large tracts of undeveloped land in Genesee County, New York, which included the Holland Purchase.[8] In order to implement these large and difficult purchases (sometimes complicated by the claims of Native Americans), he employed the advisory services of Hamilton and, later, Aaron Burr.

Cazenove lived well as a "grand seigneur" and was known for his extreme carelessness.[9] His business dealings in maple syrup and canals were not particularly successful and the investors barely made any profit, even losing money in the Pennsylvania land dealings which he organized with James Wilson. He was also hard pressed to account for funds that were under his control. During this period he helped his cousin from Geneva, Antoine Charles Cazenove, settle in Philadelphia.[10] Alexander Baring wrote: "Cazenove is a sad dirty fellow and does all the mischief he can."[11] In 1798, he hired Joseph Ellicott,[12] but Paolo Busti became his successor.

Although he became an American citizen in 1794, Cazenove returned to Europe in 1799.[13] In Amsterdam, he began to archive purchase of land for the financiers. He left the employment of the Dutch investors in 1802 and sought a position under Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, who he had met in Philadelphia in 1795, when also Talleyrand invested in land purchase.[14]

Personal life

In 1763, Theophile married Margaretha Helena van Jever (1747–1833), the daughter of a tradesman in Russia, and a member of the vroedschap.[15]

Cazenove died on 6 March 1811 in Paris in the Rue du Bac.[14]

Legacy

Cazenove's correspondence, along with the records of the Holland Land Company, are held in the Amsterdam City Archives.

A number of places in New York are named after him, including the Village of Cazenovia, Town of Cazenovia, Cazenovia College, Cazenovia Lake, and Cazenovia Creek.

References
  1. "Huguenot Society FMCV - Documents relating to the Hugenot Emigration". huguenot-manakin.org.
  2. Martin, Benjamin (1759). "Miscellaneous Correspondence, Containing a Variety of Subjects, Relative to Natural and Civil History, Geography, Mathematics, Poetry, Memoirs of Monthly Occurrences, Catalogues of New Books, &c". p. 925.
  3. "Photographes en Rhône-Alpes::Chambre de Commerce de Lyon ; Musée des Arts décoratifs : J. -B. Perronneau, 1715-1783 ; Portrait au pastel de Théophile de Cazenove". bm-lyon.fr.
  4. http://www.pastellists.com/Genealogies/Cazenove.pdf
  5. Warville, Jacques-Pierre Brissot de; Clavière, Étienne (1994). New Travels in the United States of America: Including The Commerce of America with Europe; Particularly with France and Great Britain. In Two Volumes. J.S. Jordan. p. 149.
  6. http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/archieven/archiefbank/overzicht/333.nl.html
  7. http://www.onserfdeel.be/nl/uit_archief_detail.asp?artikel_id=14060
  8. The Great American Land Bubble. Ludwig von Mises Institute. 1966. p. 61. ISBN 9781610162982.
  9. "Theophilus Cazenove Biography". ancestry.com.
  10. "ArchiveGrid : Papers, 1791-1852,". worldcat.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
  11. "Bijdragen en Mededelingen van het Historisch Genootschap". dbnl.org.
  12. "Buffalo 1600-1799". buffaloah.com.
  13. Who Was Who in America. Marquis-Who's Who. 1963. p. 99. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  14. "Full text of "Cazenove journal, 1794 : a record of the journey of Theophile Cazenove through New Jersey and Pennsylvania"". archive.org.
  15. Lezay-Marnésia, Claude-François de (2017). Letters Written from the Banks of the Ohio. Penn State Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780271077871. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
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