Thelma Brumfield Dunn

Thelma Flournoy Brumfield Dunn (February 6, 1900 - December 31, 1992) was a medical researcher whose work on mice led to significant advances in human cancer research.

Thelma Brumfield Dunn
Thelma B. Dunn (1970), from the Harold L. Stewart Photograph Collection, Office of History, National Institutes of Health.
Born
Thelma Flournoy Brumfield

(1900-02-06)February 6, 1900
Renan, Virginia, U.S.
DiedDecember 31, 1992(1992-12-31) (aged 92)
Lynchburg, Virginia, U.S.
NationalityU.S.
Alma mater
Known forResearch on tumors in mice
Scientific career
FieldsOncology
InstitutionsNational Cancer Institute

Early life

Thelma Flournoy Brumfield was born in Renan, Virginia, the daughter of William Andrew Brumfield and Effie Flournoy Thornton Brumfield. Her father was a physician and a college health officer.[1]

Education

Brumfield attended public schools in both Richmond and Lynchburg. She attended Cornell University,[2] transferred to Westhampton College[3] for one year, then returned to Cornell University where she won the Guilford Prize[4] for excelling in an English prose composition, for an essay entitled "Virginia Tobacco." That same year, she received an A.B with honors in entomology. She earned a medical degree in 1926 at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, and then began an internship at Bellevue Hospital.

Medical Research

In 1942, Dunn became a fellow at the National Cancer Institute. She stayed at the institute as a staff pathologist beginning in 1947, until her retirement in 1970.[5] She was head of the Cancer Induction and Pathogenesis Section of the pathology department.[6]

Dunn's work involved the origins and development of cancer in laboratory mice. She developed methods of inducing malignant tumors in the stomachs and intestines of experimental animals and studied the behavior of the cancer cells that resulted. Dunn is known as the "First Lady of Cancer Research".[7] According to Harold L. Stewart of the National Cancer Institute, Dunn's important contributions to the field of cancer research include her studies of mammary tumors, reticulum-cell sarcomas, leukemia, plasma-cell tumors, mast-cell tumors, the granular-cell tumors, cervical cancer and the common liver tumor of the mouse. Stewart also mentions Dunn's discoveries the protein-secreting, plasma-cell tumors that originate in the ileocecal region of mice, a finding that initiated a program of animal research that's led to a better understanding of the fatality of human cancer.[8] She developed lines of a transplantable mast-cell tumor of a mouse, now known as "Dunn cells", used widely in laboratory studies.[9]

Publications
President John F. Kennedy meets with recipients of the 1962 Federal Woman’s Award for outstanding contributions to government on February 22, 1962. Shown from left to right are Dr. Allene R. Jeanes, Research Chemist at the Department of Agriculture; Evelyn Harrison, Deputy Director of the Bureau of Programs and Standard at the Civil Service Commission; Dr. Nancy Grace Roman, Chief of Astronomy and Solar Physics at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); President Kennedy; Margaret H. Brass, Attorney at the Department of Justice; Katherine W. Bracken, Director of the Office of Central American and Panamanian Affairs at the Department of State; Dr. Thelma B. Dunn, cancer researcher at the National Cancer Institute; Katie Louchheim, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (accompanying the recipients). Photo taken in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C.[10]

Dunn's research publications published definitive articles on the normal and pathologic anatomy of the kidney, the adrenal gland amyloidosis, congenital and induced ocular lesions, and the spontaneous lesions that accompany the aging process and which constitute the pathologic basis for the so called "geriatric diseases". Article titles included "Attempt to Detect a Mammary Tumor-Agent in Strain C Mice by X-Radiation" (1950),[11] "Transplantation of Hepatomas in Mice" (1955),[12] "Morphology of Mammary Tumors in Mice" (1958),[13] "Studies of the Mammary-Tumor Agent of Strain RIII Mice" (1961),[14] "Further Studies of the Mammary Tumor Agent of Strain RIII Mice" (1962),[15] "Occurrence of Tumors in Wild House Mice" (1962),[16] "Histology of Some Neoplasms and Non-Neo-plastic Lesions Found in Wild Mice Maintained Under Laboratory Conditions" (1963),[17] "Attempts to Detect Nodule-Inducing Virus in Strain RIII Mice" (1970).[18] In retirement she wrote a book, The Unseen Fight Against Cancer (1975), explaining cancer research for a general readership.[1]

Awards and recognitions

While attending Cornell University and the Medical School of the University of Virginia, Thelma Brumfield's peers elected her to membership in the honorary societies of Phi Beta Kappa[19] and Alpha Omega Alpha.[20] In 1958, the National Institutes of Health[21] chose Dunn as one of six members of the delegation of distinguished American women physicians sent to the Soviet Union for the exchange of information and views on science and cancer.[6] Also in 1958, the American Medical Women's Association[22] elected Dunn "Woman of the Year" for the District of Columbia. In 1959, the Washington Society of Pathologists[23] elected her its president. In 1961, the American Association for Cancer Research[24] also elected her its president. Dunn was the first woman to be elected to both organizations. In 1962, Dunn met with John F. Kennedy as a recipient of the Federal Woman's Award for outstanding contributions to the government.[25]

Personal life

Thelma Brumfield married William Leroy Dunn,[26] a fellow medical doctor, in 1929. They had three children.[1] Their son John Thornton Dunn (1932-2004) became a medical researcher prominent in the study of thyroid disorders and public health.[27] Thelma B. Dunn was widowed when W. Leroy Dunn died in 1982; she died in 1992, aged 92, at a retirement home in Lynchburg, Virginia. Her papers are archived at the University of Virginia.[28]

References
  1. Loux, Jennifer R. (2016). "Thelma Flournoy Brumfield Dunn (6 February 1900-31 December 1992)". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  2. University, Office of Web Communications, Cornell. "Cornell University". www.cornell.edu. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  3. "Westhampton College - University of Richmond". wc.richmond.edu. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  4. "Department of English | English Faculty: Cornell Arts & Sciences". english.cornell.edu. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  5. Potter, Michael (2007). "The Early History of Plasma Cell Tumors in Mice, 1954-1976" in George F. Vande Woude and George Klein, eds., Advances in Cancer Research Volume 98 (Elsevier): 22-23. ISBN 9780080488141
  6. "Dr. Dunn, NCI, to Tour USSR with Delegation" (PDF). NIH Record. March 24, 1958. p. 1. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  7. Stewart, Harold L. (June 1975). "Honorary Member". The Bulletin of the Society of Pharmacological and Environmental Pathologists. 3 (1): 4–7. doi:10.1177/019262337500300202.
  8. Stewart, Harold L. (June 1975). "Honorary Member". The Bulletin of the Society of Pharmacological and Environmental Pathologists. 3 (2): 4–7. doi:10.1177/019262337500300202. ISSN 0094-1824.
  9. Stewart, Harold L. (1975). "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research". The Bulletin of the Society of Pharmacological and Environmental Pathologists. 3 (2): 4–7. doi:10.1177/019262337500300202.
  10. "Nancy Grace Roman with President Kennedy". NASA Hubble Space Telescope at Flickr. December 6, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2019. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) License.
  11. "Attempt to Detect a Mammary Tumor-Agent in Strain C Mice by X-Radiation". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. May 1950. doi:10.1093/jnci/10.5.1157. ISSN 1460-2105.
  12. "Transplantation of Hepatomas in Mice1". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. April 1955. doi:10.1093/jnci/15.Supplement_5.1513. ISSN 1460-2105.
  13. Dunn, Thelma B. "Morphology of Mammary Tumors in Mice" (1958).
  14. "Studies of the Mammary-Tumor Agent of Strain RIII Mice". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. January 1962. doi:10.1093/jnci/28.1.159. ISSN 1460-2105.
  15. Andervont, Howard B.; Dunn, Thelma B. (February 1965). "Further Studies of the Mammary Tumor Agent of Strain RIII Mice". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 35 (1): 39–54. doi:10.1093/jnci/35.1.39. ISSN 1460-2105.
  16. "Occurrence of Tumors in Wild House Mice". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. June 1962. doi:10.1093/jnci/28.5.1153. ISSN 1460-2105.
  17. "Histology of Some Neoplasms and Non-Neo-plastic Lesions Found in Wild Mice Maintained Under Laboratory Conditions". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. November 1963. doi:10.1093/jnci/31.4.873. ISSN 1460-2105.
  18. "Attempts to Detect Nodule-Inducing Virus in Strain RIII Mice". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. April 1970. doi:10.1093/jnci/44.3.657. ISSN 1460-2105.
  19. "PBK - Phi Beta Kappa". www.pbk.org. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  20. "Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society". alphaomegaalpha.org. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  21. "National Institutes of Health (NIH)". National Institutes of Health (NIH). Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  22. "Home | American Women's Association". www.awa.org.hk. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  23. "Washington State Society of Pathologists - Supporting the practice of pathology in Washington state". Washington State Society of Pathologists. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  24. "Home". www.aacr.org. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  25. "Search | JFK Library". www.jfklibrary.org. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  26. COLBY, C.D.W. (June 1937). "WILLIAM LeROY DUNN M.D. 1871–1928". Diseases of the Chest. 3 (6): 7–24. doi:10.1378/chest.3.6.7. ISSN 0096-0217.
  27. "John Thornton Dunn '54". Princeton Alumni Weekly. January 21, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  28. Thelma Brumfield Dunn Papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
  • Photograph of Dr. Thelma B. Dunn in 1970 with her husband, W. Leroy Dunn, and Dr. Carl Baker at Dr. Dunn’s retirement party, from the Harold L. Stewart Photograph Collection, Office of History, National Institutes of Health.
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