The Sot-Weed Factor (1708 poem)

"The Sot-Weed Factor" is a satirical poem written by British-American poet Ebenezer Cooke, and first published in London in 1708.

Content

Written in Hudibrastic couplets, the poem is, on its surface, a scathing Juvenalian satire of America and its colonists, and a parody of the pamphlets that advertised colonization as easy and lucrative (38, 40). The persona comes to Maryland as a tobacco merchant, or "sot-weed factor". He is shocked by the brutishness of Native Americans and English settlers alike, and he is swindled by an "ambodexter quack", or corrupt lawyer. He leaves the colony in disgust.

Reception

Some critics, notably including Arner, J. A. Lemay,[1] G. A. Carey and Sarah Ford, read the poem as a dual satire, targeting the closed-minded, embittered, failed colonist as much as it satirizes the colony. This dual satire, Ford argues, helped to promote a national identity, as "the colonists become insiders who perceive the humor in the factor's inability to adapt to life in America".[2] Micklus, too, sees the poem's humor as contributing to an aspect of American culture—namely, a tendency towards self-referential satire, later further developed by Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin Franklin.[3] What is significant about the poem, for Micklus, is not what Cooke says about either the colony or the English, but how Cooke goes about showing that his speaker "is a complete ass".[4]

In 1970, Edward H. Cohen stated that, "[i]n all of colonial American literature there is no problem so perplexing as that of the textual history of The Sot-weed Factor.... [I]n 1731 [Cooke] published in Annapolis a tempered revision of the same poem ... identified, on its title page, as "The Third Edition." But what, then, has become of the second edition?"[5] While Cohen points out that there are drafts of a preface for a second edition, this does not prove that such an edition was published. Joe Nickell has argued, based on similarities in the text and the published preface, that the second edition is actually the sequel, Sot-Weed Redivivus.[6]

References
  1. Arner 1971, pp. 81, 93.
  2. Arner 1971, p. 1.
  3. Arner 1971, p. 261.
  4. Arner 1971, p. 253.
  5. Cohen, Edward H. (1970). "The "Second Edition" of The Sot-weed Factor". American Literature. 42 (3): 289–303. doi:10.2307/2923906. JSTOR 2923906.
  6. Nickell, Joe (2018). "Outside the Box: Solving Diverse Mysteries". Skeptical Inquirer. 42 (5): 19.

Works cited
  • Arner, Robert D. (1971). "Ebenezer Cooke's 'The Sot-Weed Factor': The Structure of Satire". Southern Literary Journal (Fall).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Barret, Tammy (1998). "Ebenezer Cook(e)". Archived from the original on 2001-05-10.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Carey, G. A. (1990). "The Poem as Con Game: Dual Satire and the Three Levels of Narrative in Ebenezer Cooke's 'The Sot-Weed Factor'". Southern Literary Journal.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Diser, Philip E. (1968). "The Historical Ebenezer Cooke". Critique. 10 (3): 48–59.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Ford, Sarah (2003). "Humor's Role in Imagining America: Ebenezer Cook's 'The Sot-Weed Factor'". Southern Literary Journal.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lemay, J. A. Leo (1972). Men of Letters in Colonial Maryland. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Mayer, Brantz, ed. (1865). The Sot-Weed Factor, by Ebenezer Cooke. Shea's Early Southern Tracts. 2. Baltimore.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Micklus, Robert (1984). "The Case Against Ebenezer Cooke's 'Sot-Weed Factor'". American Literature. 56 (2): 251–61.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Steiner, Bernard C. (1900). Early Maryland Poetry: The Works of Ebenezer Cook, Gent. Fund Publications. 36. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Tyler, Moses Coit (1883) [1878]. History of American Literature. New York: Putnam.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wroth, Lawrence C. (1934). "The Maryland Muse by Ebenezer Cooke" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. 44 (2): 267–335.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)


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