The Death of Expertise
The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters is a 2017 nonfiction book by Tom Nichols. It is an expansion of a 2014 article published in The Federalist.[1][2]
 | |
| Author | Tom Nichols |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Published | April 1, 2017 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press USA |
| Media type | Print, e-book |
| ISBN | 978-0-19-046941-2 |
Summary
In The Death of Expertise, Nichols condemns what he describes as the many forces trying to undermine the authority of experts in the United States. He blames trends in higher education (such as focus on self-esteem and tolerance of narcissism leading to grade inflation and over-confidence in one's own abilities), the Internet, and the explosion of media options for the anti-expertise and anti-intellectual sentiment which he sees as being on the rise. While conceding that experts do sometimes fail, he says the best answer to this is the self-correcting presence of other experts to recognize and rectify systemic failures.[3]
"These are dangerous times. Never have so many people had access to so much knowledge, and yet been so resistant to learning anything."
— Tom Nichols, The Death of Expertise[4]
Reviews
Publishers Weekly said that "The crux of the book's argument is that... the American public have grown increasingly hostile to expertise" and described The Death of Expertise as a "highly researched and impassioned book that's well timed", further noting that "Generally, Nichols displays strong reasoning, but at times he goes off the rails. It takes some time [in some sections] for him to make his point".[1]
Kirkus Reviews described The Death of Expertise as "A sharp analysis of an increasingly pressing problem", although Nichols (who "sounds less like an alarmist than like a genial guide through the wilderness of ignorance") fails to propose a satisfying solution.[4] Andrew Joseph Pegoda disagreed on the last point, writing that The Death of Expertise "does what good books do... and provides some possible solutions". Pegoda also described The Death of Expertise as "extremely interesting, important, and timely" and said that "Nichols, in short, provides a brief History, informed by psychology and political science, of what he argues is a new phenomenon whereby people in the United States are not just regularly wrong or ignorant but 'proud of not knowing things'". Pegoda praised Nichols for not conflating expertise with credentials, and, while avowing that the book has some shortcomings, it has the "potential to start more important conversations".[5]
Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times stated that “The Death of Expertise” "turns out to be an unexceptional book about an important subject.[6] The volume is useful in its way, providing an overview of just how we arrived at this distressing state of affairs." The review goes on to cite Nichols' author notes as one of the highlights of the volume as it points the reader to "more illuminating books and articles."[6]
Joshua Huminski of the Diplomatic Courier described the book as "timely", citing Donald Trump's statements on climate change and Pew Research surveys regarding genetically modified organisms. He found Nichols' explanations of the reasons for the current situation as "successful on some accounts and less so on others", but his review was generally positive ("Nichols clearly identifies multiple sources of the erosion of the belief in experts and their prominence in today's society").[7]
Stuart Vyse in Skeptical Inquirer "strongly recommends" the book and says that "[o]ne of the best things about the book is its apolitical stance" and finds "very little to quibble with" despite having different political leanings than the author.[8]
See also
- Anti-intellectualism – Hostility to and mistrust of education, philosophy, art, literature, and science
- Bias – Inclination to present or hold a partial perspective
- Communal reinforcement – Social phenomenon where a meme is repeatedly asserted in a community, regardless of whether it is sufficiently supported by evidence
- Conflict of interest – Situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, one of which could possibly corrupt their motivation
- Conspiracy theory – Explanation of an event or situation that invokes a conspiracy
- Crowdsourcing – Obtaining services, ideas, or content from a group of people, rather than from employees or suppliers
- Dunning–Kruger effect – Cognitive bias where people with low ability overestimate their skill
- Echo chamber (media) – Situation that reinforces beliefs by repetition inside a closed system
- Iraq and weapons of mass destruction – Research and development of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq
- Media bias – Summarized analysis of various types of media bias.
- One-sided argument
- Selective exposure theory – Theory in psychology referring to the tendency to favor information which reinforces pre-existing views
- Trust Us, We're Experts
References
- "The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why It Matter (review)". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- Lederman, Norman G.; Lederman, Judith S. (2014-01-17). "The Death of Expertise". The Federalist. 25 (6): 645–649. Bibcode:2014JSTEd..25..645L. doi:10.1007/s10972-014-9398-8. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
- The Death of Expertise (product description). Oxford University Press. 2017. ISBN 9780190469412. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- "The Death of Expertise (review)". Kirkus. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- Andrew Joseph Pegoda (February 10, 2017). "AJP's take on Tom Nichols's "The Death of Expertise: The Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters"". Without Ritual, Autonomous Negotiations. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- Michiko Kakutani (March 21, 2017). "'The Death of Expertise' Explores How Ignorance Became a Virtue". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
- Joshua Huminski (February 1, 2017). "Book Review: The Death of Expertise, by Tom Nichols". Diplomatic Courier. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- Vyse, Stuart (2018). "Yes, We Do Need Experts". Skeptical Inquirer. 42 (1): 20–22. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
Further reading
- Nichols, Tom M. (2017). The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190469412.