Théophile Bader

Théophile Bader (24 April 1864 – 16 March 1942) was a French businessman. He was the co-founder of Galeries Lafayette.

Théophile Bader
Born24 April 1864
Died16 March 1942
OccupationBusinessman
Parent(s)Cerf Bader
Adèle Hirstel
RelativesGinette Moulin (granddaughter)
Léone-Noëlle Meyer (granddaughter)

Early life

Théophile Bader was born to Jewish merchants Cerf Bader and Adèle Hirstel.[1] His family were vineyard owners and sold livestock. The family name, "Bader," resulted from 1808 Napoleonic decree from which required Jews to choose a fixed surname for themselves and their children. One of his ancestors, Jacques Lévy, chose Bader. It is possible that he borrowed the name from a non-Jewish friend. After the 1870 defeat and the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine to Prussia, the Baders, very attached to France, moved to Belfort where Théophile continued his studies. At the age of 14 years his parents sent him to Paris to work in clothing manufacturing.

Career

In 1893, Bader and his cousin Alphonse Kahn opened a 70 square meter haberdashery called Les Galeries.[1] On December 21, 1895, they acquired an entire building at 1 Rue La Fayette. They incorporated the Galeries Lafayette on September 1, 1899. During this period, the Galeries had their own studios where they manufactured clothing.[2] These studios remained open until Ready-to-wear fashion entered the market in the 1960s.

In 1909, Ernest Werheimer and Émile Orosdi, future Chanel No. 5 partners, granted a loan of 800,000 francs to Galeries Lafayette to buy a neighbouring building.[3] Bader was the one who introduced Weheimer to Coco Chanel and in 1924 he brokered the deal that lead to Chanel selling Parfums Chanel to the Werheimer brothers, receiving 20% of the enterprise in return.[4][5]

In 1912, Alphonse Kahn retired from managing operations but continued to share the role of Chairman of the Board with his cousin. Bader put in place a relief fund, a nursery, and a pension fund before the imposition of statutory funds.

From 1916 to 1926, the Galeries Lafayette expanded to locations including Nice, Lyon, Nantes, and Montpellier. During the 1920s, Théophile Bader attempted to expand into other countries but with limited success. He invested personally in multiple businesses, notably D'Orsay (in 1916) and Vionnet.[6] He became one of the firsts to sell ready-to-wear fashions in his large store, copying the haute couture models.[7]

Death and legacy

Bader died on 16 March 1942.[1] One of his sons-in-law, Raoul Meyer became the chairman of Galeries Lafayette while another one, Max Heilbronn, was the founder of Monoprix.[8]

References
  1. Marzel, Shoshana-Rose (2004). "Théophile Bader, co-fondateur des Galeries Lafayette". Archives Juives. 2 (37): 135–138. doi:10.3917/aj.372.0135. Retrieved May 2, 2017 – via Cairn.info.
  2. Derdak, Thomas; Grant, Tina (1998). International Directory of Company Histories. 23. Farmington Hills, MI: St. James Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-55862-364-4.
  3. Lehrer, Steven (2013). Wartime Sites in Paris: 1939-1945. New York: SF Tafel Publishers. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-4922-9292-0.
  4. Garelick, Rhonda K. (2014). Mademoiselle: Coco Chanel and the Pulse of History. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-679-60426-6.
  5. Honig, Michelle (22 February 2019). "How Karl Lagerfeld cleansed Chanel of its antisemitic and Nazi past". Jewish News. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  6. Polan, Brenda; Tredre, Roger (2009). The Great Fashion Designers. Oxford and New York: Berg. pp. 49. ISBN 978-1-84788-227-1.
  7. Goude, Jean-Paul (2009). The Goude Touch: A Ten Year Campaign for Galeries Lafayette. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 9. ISBN 9780500514863.
  8. Grazia, Victoria De (2005). Irresistible Empire: America's Advance Through Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-674-03118-0.


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