Temple Israel of the City of New York

Temple Israel of the City of New York is a Reform congregation in Manhattan. It was incorporated in 1873[3] by German Jews.[4]

For similarly named synagogues, see Temple Israel.
Temple Israel
Temple Israel building, 112 East 75th Street
Religion
AffiliationReform Judaism
Leadership
  • Senior Rabbi: David J. Gelfand
  • Rabbi: Melissa Buyer Whitman
  • Cantor: Irena Altshul[1]
StatusActive
Location
Location112 East 75th Street
MunicipalityManhattan
StateNew York
CountryUnited States
Geographic coordinates40.7725°N 73.9618°W / 40.7725; -73.9618
Architecture
Architect(s)
  • Peter Claman
  • (Schuman & Lichtenstein)[2]
TypeSynagogue
StyleBrutalist[2]
Groundbreaking1964[2]
Completed1967[2]
Website
tinyc.org

It purchased its first synagogue building Fifth Avenue and 125th Street in 1887, constructed its own at 201 Lenox Avenue and 120th Street in 1907,[5] and constructed another at 210 West 91st Street in 1920.[2] Its current Brutalist style building, at 112 East 75th Street on the Upper East Side, was completed in 1967.[2]

Since its founding, Temple Israel has been served by only five senior rabbis: Maurice Harris (1882–1930), William Rosenblum (1930–1963), Martin Zion (1963–1991), Judith Lewis (1991–2006), and David Gelfand since 2006.[4]

Early history

Temple Israel was incorporated in 1873[3] as Yod b'Yod ("Hand in Hand") congregation[2][5] (formally Congregation Hand in Hand of Harlem[6]), the first synagogue in Harlem.[7] The founders were German Jews,[4] typically shopkeepers, traditionally observant, and first worshiped above a printing shop on East 125th Street in Harlem.[5] An early trustee was Cyrus L. Sulzberger, father of New York Times publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger.[2] They soon established a Hebrew school called "Gates of Learning" for the 45 children of the congregation.[5] The congregation rented a larger space on 124th Street in 1874, and in 1876 leased a former church on 116th Street,[5] between First Avenue and Second Avenue.[4] In 1880, the congregation purchased the building on 116th Street.[5]

Temple Israel was initially lay-led, but in 1882 appointed Maurice Harris as the congregation's rabbi; at the time, he was still a student at Columbia College, Columbia University, and at Emanu-El Theological Seminary.[4][5] That year, the congregation changed its name to Temple Israel of Harlem[8] (though the name change wasn't formally legalized until 1894[6]). In 1884, Harris' installation was made official.[5]

First buildings
201 Lenox Avenue

In 1887, the congregation purchased a building at Fifth Avenue and 125th Street, and the following year re-dedicated it as their synagogue.[5] Designed by John W. Welch, the building had been formerly owned by the Holy Trinity Church, and was constructed in 1869–1870.[2] In 1888 the congregation also re-organized, changing its name to Temple Israel of Harlem.[2][5] In 1898, the congregation celebrated its 25-year anniversary and 10 years in its current home.

"TEMPLE ISRAEL" and "TEMPLE HALL" on Lenox Avenue map in 1916

The congregation constructed its own synagogue building at 201 Lenox Avenue, at 120th Street, in 1907.[2][5] The limestone[4] building was not designed in the typical Moorish Revival style of other synagogues of the time; the designer, Arnold Brunner, argued that "synagogues have no traditional lines of architectural expression".[9] According to David W. Dunlap, the building "looks like a Roman temple until you notice the Stars of David in the column capitals, fanlights, and spandrel panels",[9] and "may rank as the single best Neoclassical synagogue in Manhattan".[2] Temple Israel joined the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (now Union for Reform Judaism) in 1909,[5] and a few years later[10] merged with Shaarey Borocho (or Shaaray Beracha), a synagogue of Alsatian Jews.[2][5]

During World War I, the loyalties of the still mostly German-Jewish members were, at first, divided between the Central Powers and the Allied Powers, though Harris supported the Allies.[1]

Moves to West 91st Street and East 75th Street

In 1920, the members moved to a new Neoclassical building at 210 West 91st Street, designed by William Tachau;[2] the old building on Lenox Avenue was sold to the Seventh-Day Adventist Temple, which in turn sold it in 1925 to the Mount Olivet Baptist Church.[9] Temple Israel elected its first woman trustee in 1921,[4] dedicated its new building in 1922, and in 1924 officially changed its name to Temple Israel of the City of New York.[5] By 1929, membership exceeded 950.[5]

William Franklin Rosenblum succeeded Harris as Temple Israel's second rabbi in 1930, and Harris died just a few months later that year.[5][4] The congregation was active during the Great Depression, and supported Jewish education programs for poor children of the neighborhood.[5] Temple Israel actively supported the war effort during World War II,[5] and afterward Rosenblum opposed the creation of Israel,[4] though he would later become a supporter of the country.[1]

Rosenblum retired in 1963, and Martin Zion succeeded him that year as Temple Israel's third rabbi.[11] At the time, the congregation's trustees had decided to relocate the synagogue from the Upper West Side to the Upper East Side of Manhattan,[4] and in 1964 began construction of a new building at Temple Israel's current location, 112 East 75th Street.[2] Designed by architect Peter Claman of Schuman & Lichtenstein, the Brutalist structure was completed in 1967. The previous building on West 91st Street was sold to the Young Israel of the West Side congregation, who still occupy it.[2]

Events since 1980

Robert Abelson became leader of the congregation's music program in 1980.[4] In 1985, Judith Lewis became Temple Israel's Director of Education, and in 1991 she succeeded Zion as the synagogue's fourth senior rabbi. By 1995, membership was over four hundred families.[11]

In 2006 David Gelfand succeeded Lewis, becoming Temple Israel's fifth Senior Rabbi in 2006,[4][8] after an acrimonious departure from the Jewish Center of the Hamptons.[12][13] Gelfand had previously served as rabbi in Temple Beth-El in Great Neck, New York; Har Sinai Temple in Pennington, New Jersey; and the Fairmount Temple in Beachwood, Ohio. He helped found and served as a national officer of the Interfaith Alliance, and is a member of the National Council of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee.[14]

Irena Altshul joined Temple Israel in 2003,[14] left in 2006, and rejoined as cantor in 2013.[1] Melissa Buyer-Wittman joined the synagogue as Director of Lifelong Learning in 2011, and David Reinhart became Assistant Rabbi in 2019.[14]

See also

Notes
  1. "Our History", Temple of Israel website.
  2. Dunlap (2004), p. 270.
  3. Dunlap (2004), p. 270. "About the Temple", Temple Israel website and "Our History", Temple of Israel website give the founding year as 1870.
  4. "About the Temple", Temple Israel website.
  5. Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 248.
  6. Laws of the State of New York, Volume 1 (1894), Chapter 427, p. 871.
  7. Israelowitz (2004), pp.111 113.
  8. Montesano (2010).
  9. Dunlap (2004), p. 152.
  10. Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 248 states the merger occurred in 1914. Dunlap (2004), p. 270 gives the year as 1909.
  11. Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 249.
  12. Dickter (2006).
  13. Ellin (2006).
  14. "Meet Us", Temple of Israel website.

References
  • Dickter, Adam. "Embattled Hamptons Rabbi Moving On", The Jewish Week, May 19, 2006.
  • Dunlap, David W. From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship, Columbia University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-231-12542-0
  • Ellin, Abby. "It’s Back to Shul For Gelfand", New York, June 23, 2006.
  • Gurock, Jeffrey S.. The Jews of Harlem: The Rise, Decline, and Revival of a Jewish Community, New York University Press, 2016. ISBN 9781479801169
  • Israelowitz, Oscar. Oscar Israelowitz's Guide to Jewish New York City, Israelowitz Publishing, 2004. ISBN 9781878741622
  • New York State Legislative Bill Drafting Commission. Laws of the State of New York, Passed at the One Hundred and Seventeenth Session of the Legislature, Volume 1, January 22–April 27, 1894.
  • Montesano, Jessica. "Temple Israel", in Kenneth T. Jackson, Lisa Keller, Nancy Flood (eds.), The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition, Yale University Press, 2010. ISBN 9780300182576
  • Olitzky, Kerry M.; Raphael, Marc Lee. The American Synagogue: A Historical Dictionary and Sourcebook, Greenwood Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-313-28856-2
  • Temple Israel website:
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