Teenage tragedy song

A teenage tragedy song is a style of ballad in popular music that peaked in popularity in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Examples of the style are also known as "tear jerkers," "death discs" or "splatter platters",[1] among other colorful sobriquets coined by DJs that then passed into vernacular as the songs became popular. Often lamenting teenage death scenarios in melodramatic fashion, these songs were usually sung from the viewpoint of the dead person's sweetheart, as in "Last Kiss"[2] (1961), or another witness to the tragedy, or the dead (or dying) person.[1] Other examples include "Teen Angel" by Mark Dinning (1959), "Tell Laura I Love Her" by Ray Peterson (1960), "Ebony Eyes" by the Everly Brothers (1961), "Dead Man's Curve" by Jan and Dean (1964), and "Leader of the Pack" by the Shangri-Las (1964).[3] The genre's popularity faded around 1965 (as a mostly American phenomenon, it was one of many musical formats that were drowned out by the British Invasion),[4] but inspired a host of similar songs and parodies over the years.

Origins and format

By the mid-1950s, postwar youth culture in the U.S. was embracing rock and roll, and the folk revival was also approaching its zenith – the narrative style of many teenage tragedy songs had similarities to folk balladry.[5] Prison ballads (such as the Kingston Trio's "Tom Dooley", based on a folk song about a real murder) and gunfighter ballads (such as Johnny Cash's "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" and Marty Robbins' "El Paso", the latter followed at #1 by two consecutive teenage tragedy songs, "Running Bear" and "Teen Angel"), with similar themes of death, were also popular during the heyday of teen tragedy songs.

The teen tragedy genre's popular era began with "Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots", written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. Released just before 24-year-old actor James Dean's death in an automobile accident in the fall of 1955, it climbed the charts immediately afterward.[6] Teenage tragedies had specific thematic[7] tropes such as star-crossed lovers,[7] reckless youth, eternal devotion, suicide, and despair over lost love; along with lyrical elements that teens of the time could relate to their own lives[5] – such as dating, motorcycles and automobiles (car songs also being popular during the 1950s), and disapproving parents or peers.[3][8] Contemporary girl groups of the '60s also borrowed the genre's melodramatic template (as well as the use of sound effects, orchestration, echo and other sonic touches) for non-fatal but otherwise tragic story-songs, such as Reparata and the Delrons' over-the-top "Saturday Night Didn't Happen" and its B-side, "Panic", in 1968. In The Pussycats' 1966 "Dressed in Black", (co-written by George 'Shadow' Morton, and originally a Shangri-Las B-side) and in "We Don't Belong" by UK singer Sylvan (1965), the heartbreak and melancholy are palpable – and in Sylvan's case, nearly suicidal.[4]

Ethnomusicologist Kirsten Zemke considers these songs as forming a strictly musical genre that was bound by common thematic tropes, musical style and production elements; and as being of their time. As for their popularity, she writes:

They sold well in their time, and the style has persisted throughout the decades in various forms. And ….they have an interesting history. The question some writers have asked is “why?”. Some of the reasons suggested for this genre’s macabre popularity are:

These were the ultimate teen rebellion songs. The only way out of parents' (and/or societal) control and expectations was death.

They were a natural extension of the "unrequited love" song, facilitated by the obvious rhyming of: good bye, cry and die.

There were a number of publicized deaths of pop stars and young actors during that period, including Sam Cooke, Johnny Ace, Eddie Cochran; and of course the plane crash that killed Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and the Big Bopper in 1959. This might explain the interest in songs around death, tragedy and sorrow.[9]

Examples

Title	Original artist	Year	Songwriter(s)	Notes
"Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots"	The Cheers	1955	Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller	U.S. #6. Protagonist disappears, presumed dead but never found.
"Endless Sleep"	Jody Reynolds	1958	Jody Reynolds, Dolores Nance	U.S. #5, precursor of the genre.[10] The singer's sweetheart is saved in the last verse; in Reynolds' original version, she dies.
"Running Bear"	Johnny Preston	1959	J. P. Richardson (The Big Bopper)	U.S. #1; by that time, Richardson himself had died nearly a year before in the plane crash that also took the lives of Buddy Holly and Richie Valens
"Teen Angel"	Mark Dinning	1959	Jean Dinning, Red Surrey	U.S. #1
"Tell Laura I Love Her"	Ray Peterson[11]	1960	Jeff Barry, Ben Raleigh	U.S. #7, cover by Ricky Valance was #1 in the UK. Protagonist dies in an automobile racing accident.
"Ebony Eyes"	The Everly Brothers	1961	John D. Loudermilk	U.S. #8, UK #1, Can. #2
"The Prom"	Del Shannon	1961	Del Shannon
"Moody River"	Pat Boone	1961	Gary D. Bruce	U.S. #1. Singer's girlfriend commits suicide by drowning.
"Johnny Remember Me"	John Leyton	1961	Geoff Goddard	UK #1, produced by Joe Meek; later covered by psychobilly band The Meteors
"Last Kiss"[2]	Wayne Cochran & the C.C. Riders	1961	Wayne Cochran	Cover by J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers was a 1964 U.S. #2 Cover by Pearl Jam was a 1999 U.S. #2
"The Water Was Red"	Johnny Cymbal	1961	Stanley Wagner
"Leah"	Roy Orbison	1962	Roy Orbison	U.S. #25, Can. #7
"Call Me Lonesome"	Arthur Alexander	1962	Arthur Alexander	Unreleased until 1987; early version of "Lonely Just Like Me"
"Patches"	Dickey Lee	1962	Barry Mann, Larry Kolber	U.S. #6
"Echo"	The Emotions	1962	The Emotions, Henry Boye
"Chapel Bells Ringing"	Gene Summers	1962	M. Torver
"A Young Man Is Gone"	The Beach Boys	1963	Bobby Troup, Mike Love
"B.J. the D.J."	Stonewall Jackson	1963	Hugh X. Lewis	U.S. Country #1
"Dead Man's Curve"	Jan and Dean	1964	Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, Artie Kornfeld	U.S. #8. The protagonist survives but is severely injured; his racing opponent is killed.
"Terry"	Twinkle	1964	Lynn Ripley (Twinkle)	UK #4[4]
"Leader of the Pack"	The Shangri-Las	1964	George "Shadow" Morton, Jeff Barry, Ellie Greenwich	U.S. #1, Can. #3
"The Hero"	Bernadette Carroll	1964	B. Nosal, P. Maheu	a regional airplay hit in North Carolina (#1), Florida, West Virginia and elsewhere[12]
"Laurie (Strange Things Happen)"[13]	Dickey Lee	1965	Milton Addington, Cathie Harmon	U.S. #14, Can. #6 (singer recounts a tale similar to the story of Resurrection Mary )
"Give Us Your Blessings"	The Shangri-Las	1965	Jeff Barry, Ellie Greenwich	U.S. #29, Can. #11
"I Can Never Go Home Anymore"	The Shangri-Las	1965	George "Shadow" Morton	U.S. #6, Can. #2 Following an argument with her mother, the narrator runs away only to regret it when her mother dies of a broken heart.
"A Young Girl of Sixteen"	Noel Harrison	1965	Charles Aznavour, Oscar Brown Jr., Robert Chauvigny	U.S. #51, Can. #5. From a French song also recorded by Aznavour in 1959[14] and by Edith Piaf in 1951
"Nightmare"[15]	Lori Burton/ The Whyte Boots	1966	Pam Sawyer, Lori Burton	"The Whyte Boots" were a fabricated girl group; Burton sang lead and the track is on her 1967 LP Breakout[4]
"Ode to Billie Joe"	Bobbie Gentry	1967	Bobbie Gentry	U.S. #1, Can. #1
"Condition Red"	The Goodees	1968	Don Davis, Freddie Briggs	U.S. #46, Can. #14[4]
"Timothy"	The Buoys	1971	Rupert Holmes	U.S. #17, Can. #9
"D.O.A."	Bloodrock	1971	Jim Rutledge, Lee Pickens, Ed Grundy, Chris Taylor, Stevie Hill, Rick Cobb	U.S. #36
"Seasons in the Sun"	Terry Jacks	1974	Jacques Brel, Rod McKuen	An English-language adaptation of Brel's song "Le Moribond"[16] US #1, UK #1
"Emma"	Hot Chocolate	1974	Errol Brown, Tony Wilson	U.S. #8, U.K. #3
"Run Joey Run"	David Geddes	1975	Paul Vance & Jack Perricone	US Billboard #4, Cash Box #1; Canada #12
"Hello, This Is Joanie"	Paul Evans	1978	Paul Evans, Fred Tobias	UK #6

Deathless themes

Teenagers meeting with tragedy in song was not new in the 1950s (or for that matter in the 1650s, around the time "Barbara Allen" was popular). In literature, it has been a recurring and resonant theme over centuries, most notably in William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet". Another early example in song is "Oh My Darling, Clementine", published in 1884 but based on earlier songs and apparently written as a parody.[17]

As popular music and the society it mirrored changed from the late 1960s onward, the themes carried on in different forms and styles. Songs and spoken-word productions about the dangers of drug abuse joined the parade of pathos on radio airwaves, ranging from three-minute morality plays to lamentations (from the parental perspective) on the generation gap. These include "Once You Understand" by Think (U.S. #23, 1971) and radio and TV host Art Linkletter's Grammy-winning single "We Love You, Call Collect" (U.S. #42, 1969). Recorded before his daughter Diane's apparent suicide in 1969, the record also included Diane speaking the reply, "Dear Mom and Dad".[18] Into the 1970s, as the Vietnam War continued, hit ballads of youth and death included B. J. Thomas' "Billy and Sue" (1972) and Terry Jacks' No. 1 hit "Seasons in the Sun" (1974), their protagonists of indeterminate age, or slightly older than teens. A song that was thought to have referenced the Civil War was Paper Lace's 1974 hit "Billy Don't Be a Hero," made a bigger hit in the U.S. by Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods. Hard-rock acts recorded vehicular death scenarios such as "D.O.A." (Bloodrock, 1971), "Detroit Rock City" (Kiss, 1976) and "Bat Out of Hell" (Meat Loaf, 1977).

By the end of the 1970s, teenage tragedy would chart without the element of melodrama – in 1979, "I Don't Like Mondays" by the Boomtown Rats, written by Bob Geldof in response to a senseless school shooting in the news while he was on tour in the U.S., went to No. 1 in the UK, and No. 4 in Canada.[19] The Smiths 1987 song "Girlfriend in a Coma" also took inspiration from teenage tragedy songs, by taking the melodramatic aspect and pushing it to extremes. Some songs merely updated the sound of the previous era, such as "Racing Car" by Dutch group Air Bubble (1976), while others used the melodic and stylistic tropes of teen tragedy in tougher, grittier settings, as in the Ramones' "You're Gonna Kill That Girl" (1977) and "7-11" (1981), The Misfits' "Saturday Night" (1999), Eminem's "Stan" (2000), and Gord Downie's album Secret Path (2016). "Teen Idle" by Marina and the Diamonds (2012), evoking an archetype of disenfranchised youth, is a thematic heir to the original teen tragedy oeuvre.[20]

Satires and parodies

Notable parody songs, satires and send-ups of teen tragedy over the decades have included:

• "Let's Think About Living" (1960), with Bob Luman mocking the then-current musical trend, trying to steer listeners away from being fascinated with the subgenre.
• “Valerie”, a 1961 doo-wop styled teen tragedy spoof by The Mark III, a young folk trio.[21]
• "All I Have Left is Johnny's Hubcap" on the 1962 parody album, Mad “Twists” Rock ’n’ Roll, produced in association with Mad magazine.
• "Surfin' Tragedy" (1963) by The Breakers, in which a surfer careens "90 miles an hour" into a Malibu pier, killing him instantly. It is included on The Rhino Brothers Present the World's Worst Records.
• "Jenny Brown", from the 1964 Smothers Brothers album It Must Have Been Something I Said!, has a melody and lyrics in the opening verses mimicking a typical "dead teenager" song. In the last verse, it is revealed that Jenny was playing a prank on her boyfriend.
• "Leader of the Laundromat" by the Detergents (1964), a direct parody of the Shangri-Las' hit, written by Paul Vance and Lee Pockriss. The Detergents were a studio group that included singer Ron Dante, later of the Archies.[22]
• Jimmy Cross's "I Want My Baby Back" (1965), a novelty record about a fatal head-on collision with "The Leader of the Pack," narrated in a down-home patter reminiscent of Andy Griffith. The single made the Billboard Hot 100 (reaching #92), and became a cult classic years later from airplay on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show; it is also included on the World's Worst Records compilation.[23] The song is included on Rhino's 1984 compilation LP Teenage Tragedies.
• In a 1965 episode of The Lucy Show, "Lucy in the Music World," Lucille Ball tried to appeal to teenagers with a song about a boyfriend whose "surfboard came back by itself." She had been advised that youth today "aren't happy unless they're miserable."[6]
• "Death Cab for Cutie" by the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band (1967), the inspiration for the band of the same name.
• Randy Newman's song "Lucinda", on his 1970 album 12 Songs, concerns a girl who falls asleep on the beach in her graduation gown, and is killed and buried by a beach cleaning machine.[24]
• In John Entwistle's "Roller Skate Kate," from his 1973 album Rigor Mortis Sets In, the heroine is killed while skating in the high-speed lane of the motorway.
• 10cc's 1973 song "Johnny Don't Do It," done in the style of early 1960s girl-group songs, with the trope of the bad boy who is good but misunderstood. Johnny steals a motorcycle and hits a truck, killing his girlfriend along with himself.[25]
• Brian DePalma's 1974 film Phantom of the Paradise satirizes the genre in musical numbers including the opening song, "Goodbye Eddie Goodbye" by fictional band The Juicy Fruits.
• Gilda Radner, Jane Curtin, and Laraine Newman recorded a song for season 2 of Saturday Night Live entitled "Chevy, Chevy" which is a send-up of teen tragedy, presenting Chevy Chase as a teen idol.
• On The Rich Little Show of March 8, 1976, Tom Bosley and "Sweathogs" Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs, Robert Hegyes, and Ron Palillo sang a parody of the genre called "Pizza Death," in which the simple-minded driver of a pizzeria delivery van crashed, affording the by-standers an opportunity for free pizza.
• Creative Engineering, Inc.'s Wolf Pack 5 animatronic band from 1978 included a song done in the style of this genre, "Dragstrip in the Sky", sung by the band's female vocalist Queenie Fox (an anthropomorphic fox), singing about her drag racing boyfriend Foxy who is killed in a crash after his car's real axle breaks. When Queenie Fox was retooled into the anthropomorphic mouse Mini Mozzarella for a version of the Wolf Pack 5 installed at the first Showbiz Pizza Place in 1980, the lyrics were slightly changed, most notably replacing "Foxy" with "Mickey" (obviously a reference to Mickey Mouse.) This revised version of the song was also sung by Mitzi Mozzarella of the company's more famous animatronic band, The Rock-afire Explosion.
• "My Baby's the Star of a Driver's Ed Movie," a 1983 song by Blotto.
• "The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun" by comedian and singer Julie Brown. Released nationally in 1984, the song (along with an accompanying video in heavy MTV rotation) was both a parody of the genre, and a satire of valley girl culture.[26]
• The MST3K treatment of the 1996 film Werewolf included a sketch in which Mike and the bots dressed up as a girl group sing "Where, O Werewolf", about "Suzy" (Mike)'s doomed relationship with her werewolf boyfriend.
• "Road Man" by Smash Mouth, in which a roadie is hit by a train while rushing to get the band's gear to a show.
• Band Rilo Kiley with lead singer Jenny Lewis recorded "Teenage Love Song", a genre parody in which the vocalist laments being abandoned by her boyfriend after having sex in a motel room.
• "The Living End" by the Jesus and Mary Chain in which a leather-clad biker in love with himself ends crashing against a tree.[27]

See also

• Tragedy
• Murder ballad
• Obituary poetry
• Star-crossed lovers
• List of car crash songs

References

1. "Alternative Love Songs from the Teenage Tragedy Vault". NPR. February 14, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
2. "Last Kiss: The Incredible, Convoluted Story Behind This Classic #1 Hit". Forgotten Hits. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
3. Luan Lawrenson-Woods (July 2, 2013). "Leader of the Pack". The Popular Romance Project. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
4. Sheila Burgel (2005), One Kiss Can Lead to Another: Song by Song, Rhino Entertainment
5. Todd Leopold (March 30, 2006). "The teenager's death song". CNN. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
6. "Splatter Platters: A Look at Teenage Tragedy Songs". Go Retro. July 9, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
7. "Genre Rules with Dr. Kirsten Zemke: 'Teenage Coffin Songs'". 95bFM, Auckland, New Zealand. November 18, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
8. Rife, Katie (September 14, 2016). "Screeching tires and busting glass: Defining the teen-tragedy song in 60 minutes". AV Club.
9. Zemke, Kirsten (September 22, 2015). "What the Genre? Teenage Coffin Songs". APRA/AMCOS. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
10. R. Serge Denisoff (1989). "'Teen Angel': Resistance, Rebellion and Death – Revisited". In Timothy E. Scheurer (ed.). American Popular Music: The age of rock. Popular Press. p. 96.
11. "Ray Peterson, balladeer of teenage tragedy". Boston Globe. January 29, 2005. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
12. "Ask 'Mr. Music'". Jerryosborne.com. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
13. "More Music Madness: Teen death songs will never die". NBC News. September 14, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
14. "A Young Girl of 16". Lyricsplayground.com. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
15. "Lori Burton::Nightmare (Mono Single Version)". Aquarium Drunkard. October 3, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
16. "30 years since the death of Jacques Brel: his life, his art, his legacy - World Socialist Web Site". Wsws.org. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
17. Butler, Andrew (31 October 2014). Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 9. ISBN 9781844578375. Retrieved 22 March 2019 – via Google Books.
18. "TV Show Host Art Linkletter Dies at 97". Foxnews.com. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
19. Clarke, Steve (18–31 October 1979). The Fastest Lip on Vinyl. Smash Hits. EMAP National Publications Ltd. pp. 6–7.
20. Monger, James Christopher. "Electra Heart – Marina and the Diamonds". AllMusic. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
21. "Man/Valerie 45". 45cat. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
22. Richie Unterberger. "The Detergents | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
23. Daryl W. Bullock (2015). Jimmy Cross: I Want My Baby Back. The World's Worst Records: Volume One: An Arcade of Audio Atrocity. Bristol Green Publishing. ISBN 9781482624465. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
24. Courrier, Kevin (22 March 2019). Randy Newman's American Dreams. ECW Press. p. 104. ISBN 9781550226904. Retrieved 22 March 2019 – via Google Books.
25. "10 Cc - Johnny Don't Do It Lyrics". MetroLyrics.com. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
26. "The Homecoming Queen's Got A Gun - Julie Brown". The Demented Music Database. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
27. "The Jesus and Mary Chain – The Living End". Genius.com. Retrieved 15 December 2018.

External links

• Oldies.about.com