Tan Liok Tiauw

Tan Liok Tiauw Sia (1872 - 1947) was a prominent Chinese-Indonesian landlord, as well as a pioneering plantation owner and industrialist in the late colonial period.[1][2] He was the last Landheer (or landlord) of Batoe-Tjepper, today's district of Batuceper.[3][4]

Tan Liok Tiauw Sia
Born1872
Tangerang, Dutch East Indies
Died1947 (aged 74–75)
Batavia, Dutch East Indies
OccupationLandheer, plantation owner, industrialist
Years active1890s-1940s
ChildrenCorry Tan Pouw Nio (daughter)
August Tan Tsjiang Kie (son)
Jan Tan Tsjiang Bie (son)
Parents
  • Tan Tiang Po, Luitenant der Chinezen (father)
  • Lim Hong Nio (mother)
FamilyLoa Sek Hie (son-in-law)
Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen (brother-in-law)
Tan Eng Goan, Majoor der Chinezen (great-grandfather)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Tan.

History

Family background

Born in Tangerang, Dutch East Indies in 1872, Tan hailed from a family of landlords and Chinese officers, part of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of colonial Indonesia.[2] The Chinese officership was a high-ranking government position in the civil bureaucracy of the Dutch East Indies, consisting of the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen.[5]

His father, Tan Tiang Po, served as Luitenant der Chinezen in Tangerang from 1877 until 1885, while his grandfather, Luitenant Tan Kang Soey, sat on the Chinese Council (Dutch: 'Chinese Raad'; Hokkien: 'Kong Koan') of Batavia or modern-day Jakarta, capital of Indonesia.[6][7][2] Tan's paternal great-grandfather was the tycoon Tan Leng (died in 1852), who was part of the powerful Ngo Ho Tjiang opium partnership.[8][9] Through his mother, Lim Hong Nio, Tan was a grandson of Lim Soe Keng Sia and Tan Bit Nio, as well as a great-grandson of Tan Eng Goan, the first Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia (1802-1872).[2] As a descendant of Chinese officers, Tan Liok Tiauw held the hereditary title of Sia from birth.[10]

Tan's sister, Tan Him Nio, was married to Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in 1908).[2] His daughter, Corry Tan Pouw Nio (1900-1961), was married in November 1917 to the prominent, half-Austrian, colonial politician Loa Sek Hie (1898-1965).[11][12][2] He also had two sons born to two different concubines: August Tan Tsjiang Kie and Jan Tan Tsjiang Bie.[2]

Life
Tan Liok Tiauw's rooftile factory from across the Mookervaart canal, G.F.J. Bley (1925-30)
Gateway to Tandjong West in the 18th century

Tan grew up between his family's townhouse in downtown Batavia and their principal private domain, the particuliere landerij of Batoe-Tjepper, an agricultural estate in Tangerang.[12][3] He was given a traditional Chinese education, but also had a private Dutch tutor.[12]

Tan's father, Luitenant Tan Tiang Po, retired from his role as Landheer in the late 1880s, and handed over the management of Batoe-Tjepper to his son.[2][3] Aged only 16, Tan Liok Tiauw not only improved the running of Batoe-Tjepper, but further developed an existing factory on the estate that manufactured building materials, roof-tiles and other terracotta products.[2][3] Many important colonial buildings in Java, in particular in Batavia, were built using materials from the factory.[13][14][15] In July 1923, Tan hosted Dirk Fock, the 30th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at Batoe-Tjepper as part of the latter's official visit to Tangerang.[16]

Tan inherited other agricultural landholdings from his father on the latter's death in 1912.[17][18] Many of these estates were consolidated in the landholding firm N.V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tan Tiang Po, which was incorporated in 1899.[19] The company controlled the private domains of Rawa Buaya, Tanah Kodja, Pondok Kosambi, Minggoe Djawa and Kapoek, stretching from the western part of modern-day Jakarta to Tangerang.[4] A wide range of agricultural crops were cultivated on these landholdings: ranging from rice, coconut, other fruits and vegetables, and on to grass for animal feed.[4]

Tan acquired a number of other business ventures. Together with the philanthropist O. G. Khouw (his brother-in-law's cousin) and D. N. van Stralendorff, he took over the tea and rubber estates of Tendjo Ayoe and Perbakti in the Preanger highlands in 1907.[20][21][22] These plantations were among the largest privately-owned estates in Sukabumi, and had been established in the 1870s by the tea pioneer B. B. J. Crone, an uncle of the Indo-Dutch writer E. du Perron.[23][24][25][26]

As Director, Tan Liok Tiauw also headed N. V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tandjong West, a syndicate of landlords which purchased the old, eighteenth-century ‘particuliere land’ or estate of Tandjong West in 1917, today part of Jagakarsa in South Jakarta.[27][28] Beyond Java, Tan acquired Hacienda del Coco in Lampung on the southern tip of Sumatra, a formerly struggling British-owned plantation, founded by The Lampong Coconut Estates, Ltd.[29][30] These Sumatran estates grew coconut and pepper, and — like many of Tan's other landholdings — were run by professional European estate managers.[29]

Tan died in 1947 in Batavia, was buried at his family's private burial grounds at Kebon Besar in Batoe-Tjepper, Tangerang.[2]

References
  1. Setyautama, Sam (2008). Tokoh-tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN 9789799101259.
  2. Haryono, Steve (2017). Perkawinan Strategis: Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir-opsir Tionghoa Dan 'Cabang Atas' Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke-19 Dan 20. Steve Haryono. ISBN 9789090302492. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  3. "Batoe Tjeper Cultuur". www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  4. Regeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). Landsdrukkerij. 1933.
  5. Lohanda, Mona (1996). The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942: A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society. Djambatan. ISBN 9789794282571. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  6. Almanak van Nederlandsch-Indië voor het jaar 1861 (in Dutch). Batavia: Lands Drukkery. 1861.
  7. Indies, Dutch East (1881). Regeerings-almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indie (in Dutch). Batavia. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  8. Pax Benedanto; Marcus A. S. (2012). Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa 5 (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN 9789799023759. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  9. Chen, Menghong (2011). De Chinese gemeenschap van Batavia, 1843-1865: een onderzoek naar het Kong Koan-archief (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789087281335. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  10. Blussâe, Lâeonard; Chen, Menghong (2003). The Archives of the Kong Koan of Batavia. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9004131574.
  11. "Familiebericht". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië (269). NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen. 14 November 1917.
  12. Suryadinata, Leo (2015). Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches (4th ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814620505.
  13. "Sistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar Budaya". cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id. Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Ministry of Education and Culture).
  14. Mulyani, Ade (2011). Jakarta: panduan wisata tanpa mal (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 9789792258202.
  15. Kompas Cyber Media. "Mengenal Perbankan Masa Lalu - Kompas.com". KOMPAS.com. Kompas.
  16. "De Gouverneur-generaal naar Tangerang". De Sumatra Post. J. Hallermann. 20 July 1923.
  17. "Practisch". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië (Jaargang 17. Nummer 196). NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen. 23 August 1912. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  18. De Indische gids (in Dutch). Batavia. 1912. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  19. "Tan Tiang Po Landbouw". www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  20. "Koloniale Collectie (KIT) — Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden". archive.is. Universiteit Leiden. 15 March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  21. Regeerings almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). Batavia. 1913.
  22. Lucas, Anton; Warren, Carol (2013). Land for the People: The State and Agrarian Conflict in Indonesia. Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN 9780896802872.
  23. Ukers, William Harrison (1935). All about Tea. New York: Tea and coffee trade journal Company.
  24. "B. B. J. Crone". Soerabaijasch handelsblad. Kolff & Co. Kolff & Co. 12 July 1938.
  25. Hendarti, Latipah (2007). Menepis Kabut Halimun: Rangkaian Bunga Rampai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam di Halimun (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. ISBN 9786024331313. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  26. "Kees Snoek, E. du Perron. Het leven van een smalle mens". Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren (in Dutch). Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  27. "Tandjong West Landbouw". Colonial Business Indonesia. Leiden University. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  28. Dutch East Indies Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel (1918). Korte berichten voor landbouw, nijverheid en handel (in Dutch). Batavia.
  29. "The Straits Times". LAMPONG COCONUT ESTATES. March 20, 1913. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  30. Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur (1918). Lijst van Ondernemingen. Dutch East Indies: Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur. p. 26.
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