Tamaki Tokuyama

Tamaki Tokuyama (徳山 璉, Tokuyama Tamaki, July 27, 1903 – January 28, 1942) was a classically trained baritone and a famous singer of popular music in early Shōwa era Japan.

Tamaki Tokuyama
Background information
Born(1903-07-27)July 27, 1903
Kōza District, Kanagawa PrefectureJapan
OriginJapan
DiedJanuary 28, 1942(1942-01-28) (aged 38)
Kugenuma, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
GenresRyūkōka, gunka, min'yō, classical music
Occupation(s)Singer, film actor
Years active1930–1942
LabelsNippon Victor Co.
Associated actsIchirō Fujiyama, Hamako Watanabe, Katsutarō Kouta, Yoshie Fujiwara, Enoken, Roppa Furukawa, Issei Mishima, Kazuhide Haida, Sōichirō Namioka, Fumiko Yotsuya

Life and career

Tokuyama was born to a medical practitioner on July 27, 1903 in a village in Kanagawa Prefecture's Kōza District, west of Yokohama. After completing high school, Tokuyama enrolled in the Tokyo School of Music (later part of the Tokyo University of the Arts). Upon completing his studies there, he became a faculty member of the Musashino Academia Musicae.

He accompanied Chiyako Sato (佐藤千夜子, Satō Chiyako) as a piano player, who was also a graduate from Tokyo University of Arts. Satō became the first female best selling ryūkōka singer soon after the radio broadcasting began in 1925 and had a contract with Nippon Victor Company.

In 1930 Tokuyama was signed a record contract with Nippon Victor Company where he would remain for the rest of his life. His song Samurai Nippon (侍ニッポン)[1][2]—its lyrics based on an eponymous novel by Jirōmasa Gunji that was popular at the time—became a hit in 1931, a success that was followed shortly thereafter with the comic song Runpen Bushi (ルンペン節;[1] "runpen" is adapted from the German word for "rag" or "vagrant"). The humorous lyrics and operetta-like quality of the song earned it wide popularity and made Tokuyama one of Nippon Victor Company's biggest singing stars of the 1930s.

In 1932 he recorded a duet with Fumiko Yotsuya called Tengoku ni musubu koi (天國に結ぶ戀;[1] trans. "A Love Bound in Heaven"), which was inspired by a notorious double suicide that had occurred in Sakatayama earlier that year.

Nippon Victor Company's 1938 recording of the Hinomaru March[3]

Later Tokuyama became a noted exponent of gunka, recording very popular renditions of such songs as the Hinomaru March (日の丸行進曲) and Patriotic March (愛國行進曲). In early 1940s he released a propaganda song Tonarigumi (隣組; trans; "Neighborhood Association") promoting the home front, though the song itself has been covered by artists with subsequently altered lyrics.[4] LP and CD reissues of his work in subsequent decades have tended to focus on his recordings in this genre.

Tokuyama was also a famous film and theatrical actor, often appearing together with his friend, the comedian Roppa Furukawa and his troop, in musical films what they called "Cine-operetta" (operetta movie) in the early 1930s, with best known Utau Yajikita (歌ふ弥次喜多 trans. "Operetta Yaji and Kita").[5] That program led them to perform in 1935 at Yūrakuza the most prestigious theater in central Tokyo then with guest performance by Fujiwara Yoshie.

For theatrical performances those popular programs as Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (東海道中膝栗毛) and Garamasadon ( ガラマサどん) made them very popular. As a singer with classical music background, he did not hesitate to include comic songs Marumarubushi (マルマル節) with Roppa Furukawa. It was his vocal part that attracted their audience as Tokuyama's singing style was so distinctive that not many audience heard before, while the idea of singing songs was to apply traditional vocalization called "kobushi" that other ryūkōka singers were used to.

He also continued his career as a classical singer of opera, lieder, and chansons; making notable appearances in Japanese productions of Carmen and Hansel and Gretel, as well as singing the bass part in performances of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9. Though his career as a classical singer was an important part of Tokuyama's life, it remains mostly unknown as he cut very few classical records and none of them have ever been reissued outside of the original 78s.

In 1935 Tokuyama married and settled down in the town of Kugenume near his birthplace. He died prematurely from complications from sepsis on January 28, 1942 at the age of 38. Tokuyama is buried in the graveyard of the Jōkō-ji in Fujisawa.

Select discography
  • Tatake taiko (叩け太鼓 Roar of the Drum) 1930
  • Aika (哀歌 Jules Massenet's Élégie sung in Japanese, with Kunihiko Hashimoto on violin) 1931
  • Samurai Nippon (侍ニッポン Samurai Japan) 1931
  • Runpen bushi (ルンペン節 Free-loader's Tune) 1931
  • Tengoku ni musubu koi (天國に結ぶ戀 A Love Bound in Heaven) 1932
  • Yoru no sakaba ni (夜の酒場に Night at the Bar) 1932
  • Koi ni naku (戀に泣く Crying for Love) 1933
  • Aikoku Kōshinkyoku (愛國行進曲 Patriotic March) 1937
  • Sararīman-yo (サラリーマンよ Oh Salaryman) 1937
  • Maru-maru bushi (〇〇ぶし Round-round Tune) 1938
  • Hinomaru kōshinkyoku (日の丸行進曲 Hinomaru March) 1938
  • Tonarigumi (隣組 Neighborhood Association) 1940

Bibliography
  • Tokuyama Tamaki (1933). Seigaku Shoho Renshū (Basic Workbook for Chorus – Chorübungen der Münchener Musikschule) 聲樂初歩練習 : コールユーブンゲン解説. Tokyo: Shunjusha. World Music Classes Series 4,40. Non-commercial, could be the text book for his classes at Musashino Academia Musicae.
  • Tokuyama Tamaki (1939). 徳山タマキ　随筆集 [Essays]. Osaka: Kibunkan.

Filmography

He performed in almost 10 films.[6]

Opera performances

Footnotes
  1. "Victor Recording". Victor music 80 "always new experience 1928–2008". Victor Entartainment. 2008. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. 2 CD, (14) 侍ニッポン; (15) ルンペン節; (18) 天国に結ぶ恋
  3. Singers for Hinomaru March included Tamaki Tokuyama and Fumiko Yotsuya, Toshiko Nakamura, Taeko Nose, Ranko Edogawa, Sōichirō Namioka, and the Nippon Victor Orchestra with their chorus and junior chorus.
  4. Those altered lyrics for Tonatigumi ("Neighborhood Association") was used for TV commercial messages for insectiside to bottled whisky, and sang over a decade as the theme song for a very popular TV comedy show played by Drifters
  5. Short video. "オペレッタ歌ふ弥次喜多 "Operetta Yaji and Kita"". Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  6. "Tokuyama Tamaki". Japanese Film Database. Missing or empty |url= (help) (Japanese)
  7. Masui, Keiji. History of Opera in Japan 1952. p. 209.
  8. Masui, p. 236.
  9. Masui, p. 227.
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