Taiyr Khan

Taiyr Khan (Kazakh: Тайыр хан) was the sixth Khan of Kazakh Khanate from 1523 to 1533.[1] His rule led to the fall of Kazakh Khanate's dominance since the reign of Kasym Khan.

Tayir Khan
Khan
6th Khan of the Kazakh Khanate
Reign	1523–1533
Coronation	1523
Predecessor	Mamash Khan
Successor	Ahmet Khan
Born	Unknown Kazakh Khanate
Died	1533 Kazakh Khanate
House	House of Borjigin
Dynasty	Tore
Father	Adik Sultan
Religion	Islam

Biography

Early years

Taiyr was the eldest son of Adik who was the most influential Kazakh sultan and the grandson of Janibek Khan, the co-founder of Kazakh Khanate. Taiyr Khan ascended to the throne after a short reign and the death of Mamash Khan.[2]

Taiyr was happy and easygoing. He, as a descendant of Genghis Khan, by birthright acquired the title of Sultan and with him as well as all the rights and benefits. Like most young sultans of the Khanate, Taiyr studied at school, most likely in Tashkent, where his parents lived for a long time. But he always differed himself from others with a difficult personality. According to the witness of Mirza Haydar, who knew Taiyr well, by his nature, he was an evil, cruel person and extremely suspicious. Being at the top pyramid of his country.

Reign

With the death of Mamash Khan in 1523, the era of consolidation ended and the era of great sharing which involving almost all Sultan surnames of the khanate, sharing power, ulus people, pastures, etc. Taiyr was accompanied by luck, and in a sharp rivalry with the sultans from other families he gained the upper hand and became a Khan. In 1522-1523, the ruler of Khanate of Bukhara, Kochkunju Muhammad, fought a war against the Kazakhs and won. Everything that Taiyr Khan did for himself was difficult and all his promises were unsuccessful. He had neither diplomatic nor military skills, as evidenced by his repeated military defeats and diplomatic setbacks. Tyrant by nature, Taiyr became a culprit after the death of his brother Abu-l-Qasim. Not only that, Taiyr expressed himself to natural impulses and continued to live casually. These outcomes began immediately affecting him. Even in the winter of 1523-1524, part of the Kazakhs had already begun to disobey him. By the middle of 1526, Taiyr Khan's activities became very insufficient, and his cruelty and suspicion had severed. As a result, the enlightened sultans even turned away from him. Taiyr Khan was one of the first Kazakh rulers to enter a war with the Kalmaks. He ordered the construction of the Jatan fortress at the bottom of one mountain in order to repulse the Kalmak troops. In 1537-1538, when the Khan of the Moghuls, Abd al-Rashid, who was allied with Shaybanids went to war against the Kazakh Khanate, the Kazakhs managed to defended themselves in the fortress. The exact location of where the Jatan fort once stood is currently unknown. In his final years, Taiyr, who had failed at the same time as in anticipation, provoking general hatred by his government, hid himself from other people and died with the Kyrgyz in misery.

References

1. Didar Kassymova; Zhanat Kundakbayeva; Ustina Markus (18 May 2012). Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan. Scarecrow Press. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-8108-7983-6.
2. "Тахир хан · Персоналии · Портал "История Казахстана"". e-history.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-06-12.