Tabriz Khanate
The Tabriz khanate (Persian: خانات تبریز; Azerbaijani: تبریز خانلیغی) was one of the Caucasian Khanates, located in historic Azerbaijan in northwestern Iran.
Tabriz Khanate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1747–1802 | |||||||||
 Khanate of Tabriz with the borders | |||||||||
| Status | Khanate | ||||||||
| Capital | Tabriz | ||||||||
| Common languages | Persian (official), Azerbaijani (Majority) | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Khanate | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1747 | ||||||||
• Independence from Afsharids | 1747 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1802 | ||||||||
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History
Until the end of the Safavid dynasty, the city of Tabriz and the surrounding regions belonged to Iran and was the capital of the province (beylik) of Azerbaijan. After the death of Nader Shah Afshar his empire was divided among his heirs and grandees, and Azad Khan Afghan, a Pashtun warlord got Azerbaijan.[1] With the war of succession about the throne of Iran between the Qajar and Zand princes, the Donboli lords of Khoy and Salmas could establish their rule also in Tabriz and extended their influence over the whole province. Najaf Qoli Donboli, a khan of Kurdish origin and son of Shahbaz Khan I of Khoy, entered the service of Nader Shah and remained also in the position of governor-general in the time of his successor. He founded the khanate with Tabriz as its centre. Najaf Qoli Khan and his nephew Shahbaz Khan II joined Fath Ali Khan Afshar-Arashlu, the khan of Urmia, who broadened its boundaries by occupying Ardabil, Khalkhal, and certain parts of southern Azerbaijan. Finally, Fath Ali Khan made himself supreme ruler over all of Azerbaijan, and Tabriz became capital of his kingdom broadened its boundaries by occupying Ardabil, Khalkhal. The acting ruler of the khanate was commissioned to Najaf Qoli Khan.[2] After the death of Fath Ali Khan, the Tabriz khanate regained its independence.[3][4] The Donboli khans pledged their allegiances then first to Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, later to Karim Khan Zand and at the end to Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, who was proclaimed 1792 shahanshah and emperor of all of Iran. The khanate of Tabriz with the home domains of the Donboli clan, the Khoy Khanate became a vassal to Iran and finally in 1809 was incorporated into the new established regency (velayat) of the Qajar crown prince, who hold traditionally the post of vicegerent (vali) of Azerbaijan with his seat of power at Tabriz.[5]
Khans of Tabriz
- Najaf Qoli Khan I (son of Shahbaz Khan I), *1713, †1785, succeeded his father 1731 in Churs, 1731-1785 ruler of Churs and Salmas, succeeded his brother Morteza Qoli Khan II 1747 as head of the Donboli tribe, 1747-1785 ruler in Azerbaijan, 1769-1785 governor of Tabriz, 1st Khan of Tabriz
- Khodadad Khan (his son), †1787 (killed by Sadegh Khan Shaqqaqi), succeeded his father 1785 in Tabriz, 1785-1787 governor of Tabriz, 2nd Khan of Tabriz
- Hossein Qoli Khan (nephew of Najaf Qoli Khan), *1756, †1798, 1786-1793 and 1797-1798 governor of Khoy, 4th Khan of Khoy, 1787 incorporated Tabriz in his domains as 3rd Khan of Tabriz.
- Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli (brother of Hossein Qoli Khan), opposed his brother 1793-1797 and 1799 in his brother's domains, 4th Khan of Tabriz.
- Najaf Qoli Khan II (grandson of Khodadad Khan), 1809 governor and ruling Khan of Tabriz. - After him, Tabriz became the seat of the Persian crown prince of the Qajar dynasty who also was acting governor of Azerbaijan.[6][7][8][9]
References
- Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Revolution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989.
- Oberling: "DONBOLI", in: Encyclopædia Iranica
- "Azerbaijan :: Khanate of Tabriz". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
- "Azerbaijan :: Khanate of Tabriz". Archive.is. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2014-01-29.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Heribert Busse: Persia's History under Qajar Rule, p. 8ff.
- Oberling, Pierre. "DONBOLI". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- Mahboub Mahdaviyan and Sakineh Mahdaviyan: Donboli, the ruling Tribe in Khoy, Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(12), 1285-1290, 2014, (the internet, 2015)
- Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar: Life at the Court of the Early Qajar Shahs, transl. and edit. from "Tarikh-e 'Azodi" by Soltan Ahmad Mirza 'Azod al-Dowleh, Mage Publishers, Washington 2014, pp. 140 ff.
- The Donboli Family page, http://www.donboli.info/mashahir.htm, internet 2015.