TLK2

Serine/threonine-protein kinase tousled-like 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TLK2 gene.[5][6][7]

TLK2
Identifiers
Aliases	TLK2, HsHPK, PKU-ALPHA, tousled like kinase 2, MRD57
External IDs	OMIM: 608439 MGI: 1346023 HomoloGene: 4993 GeneCards: TLK2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human)[1] Band 17q23.2 Start 62,458,658 bp[1] End 62,615,481 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11|11 E1 Start 105,178,807 bp[2] End 105,283,959 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • transferase activity • nucleotide binding • protein kinase activity • kinase activity • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • ATP binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • cytoskeleton • intermediate filament • cell nucleus Biological process • GO:0007243 intracellular signal transduction • phosphorylation • chromosome segregation • regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus • protein phosphorylation • peptidyl-serine phosphorylation • cellular response to gamma radiation • negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process • cell cycle • negative regulation of autophagy • chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	11011	24086
Ensembl	ENSG00000146872	ENSMUSG00000020694
UniProt	Q86UE8	O55047
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001112707 NM_001284333 NM_001284363 NM_006852 NM_001330418 NM_001375269 NM_001375270 NM_001375271 NM_001375272 NM_001375273	NM_001112705 NM_001294329 NM_001294330 NM_001294331 NM_001294334 NM_011903 NM_001361996
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001271262 NP_001271292 NP_001317347 NP_006843 NP_001362198 NP_001362199 NP_001362200 NP_001362201 NP_001362202	NP_001106176 NP_001281258 NP_001281259 NP_001281260 NP_001281263 NP_001348925
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 62.46 – 62.62 Mb	Chr 11: 105.18 – 105.28 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

The Tousled-like kinases, first described in Arabidopsis, are nuclear serine/threonine kinases that are potentially involved in the regulation of chromatin assembly. These are different from other "tousled" varieties, such as flock-of-seagulls, post-coitus, or the-Sean-Bean.[supplied by OMIM][7]

Interactions

TLK2 has been shown to interact with TLK1,[6] ASF1B[8][9] and ASF1A.[9]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been linked to a specific form of autism spectrum disorder with unique facial features.[10] Amplifications of the nuclear localization sequence-encoding part of this gene have been linked to glioblastoma and lower-grade astrocytoma survival.[11]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146872 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020694 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Yamakawa A, Kameoka Y, Hashimoto K, Yoshitake Y, Nishikawa K, Tanihara K, Date T (Nov 1997). "cDNA cloning and chromosomal mapping of genes encoding novel protein kinases termed PKU-alpha and PKU-beta, which have nuclear localization signal". Gene. 202 (1–2): 193–201. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00495-2. PMID 9427565.
6. Silljé HH, Takahashi K, Tanaka K, Van Houwe G, Nigg EA (Oct 1999). "Mammalian homologues of the plant Tousled gene code for cell-cycle-regulated kinases with maximal activities linked to ongoing DNA replication". The EMBO Journal. 18 (20): 5691–702. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.20.5691. PMC 1171636. PMID 10523312.
7. "Entrez Gene: TLK2 tousled-like kinase 2".
8. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
9. Silljé HH, Nigg EA (Jul 2001). "Identification of human Asf1 chromatin assembly factors as substrates of Tousled-like kinases". Current Biology. 11 (13): 1068–73. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00298-6. PMID 11470414. S2CID 8866062.
10. Reijnders, Margot R.F.; Miller, Kerry A.; Alvi, Mohsan; Goos, Jacqueline A.C.; Lees, Melissa M.; de Burca, Anna; Henderson, Alex; Kraus, Alison; Mikat, Barbara; de Vries, Bert B.A.; Isidor, Bertrand; Kerr, Bronwyn; Marcelis, Carlo; Schluth-Bolard, Caroline; Deshpande, Charu; Ruivenkamp, Claudia A.L.; Wieczorek, Dagmar; Baralle, Diana; Blair, Edward M.; Engels, Hartmut; Lüdecke, Hermann-Josef; Eason, Jacqueline; Santen, Gijs W.E.; Clayton-Smith, Jill; Chandler, Kate; Tatton-Brown, Katrina; Payne, Katelyn; Helbig, Katherine; Radtke, Kelly; Nugent, Kimberly M.; Cremer, Kirsten; Strom, Tim M.; Bird, Lynne M.; Sinnema, Margje; Bitner-Glindzicz, Maria; van Dooren, Marieke F.; Alders, Marielle; Koopmans, Marije; Brick, Lauren; Kozenko, Mariya; Harline, Megan L.; Klaassens, Merel; Steinraths, Michelle; Cooper, Nicola S.; Edery, Patrick; Yap, Patrick; Terhal, Paulien A.; van der Spek, Peter J.; Lakeman, Phillis; Taylor, Rachel L.; Littlejohn, Rebecca O.; Pfundt, Rolph; Mercimek-Andrews, Saadet; Stegmann, Alexander P.A.; Kant, Sarina G.; McLean, Scott; Joss, Shelagh; Swagemakers, Sigrid M.A.; Douzgou, Sofia; Wall, Steven A.; Küry, Sébastien; Calpena, Eduardo; Koelling, Nils; McGowan, Simon J.; Twigg, Stephen R.F.; Mathijssen, Irene M.J.; Nellaker, Christoffer; Brunner, Han G.; Wilkie, Andrew O.M. (2018). "De Novo and Inherited Loss-of-Function Variants in TLK2: Clinical and Genotype-Phenotype Evaluation of a Distinct Neurodevelopmental Disorder". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 102 (6): 1195–1203. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.04.014. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5992133. PMID 29861108.
11. Ponnapalli S.P., et int.; Alter O. (May 2020). "Retrospective clinical trial experimentally validates glioblastoma genome-wide pattern of DNA copy-number alterations predictor of survival". APL Bioeng. 4 (2): 026106. doi:10.1063/1.5142559. PMID 32478280.

Further reading

• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Zhang S, Xing H, Muslin AJ (Aug 1999). "Nuclear localization of protein kinase U-alpha is regulated by 14-3-3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (35): 24865–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.35.24865. PMID 10455159.
• Silljé HH, Nigg EA (Jul 2001). "Identification of human Asf1 chromatin assembly factors as substrates of Tousled-like kinases". Current Biology. 11 (13): 1068–73. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00298-6. PMID 11470414. S2CID 8866062.
• Groth A, Lukas J, Nigg EA, Silljé HH, Wernstedt C, Bartek J, Hansen K (Apr 2003). "Human Tousled like kinases are targeted by an ATM- and Chk1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint". The EMBO Journal. 22 (7): 1676–87. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg151. PMC 152895. PMID 12660173.
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP (Aug 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (33): 12130–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.