Sung Wong Toi

Sung Wong Toi is an important historic relic in Kowloon, Hong Kong. While its remaining portion is now located in the Sung Wong Toi Garden (宋皇臺花園) at the junction of Ma Tau Chung Road and Sung Wong Toi Road, it was originally a 45-metre-tall boulder standing on the top of Sacred Hill (聖山) in Ma Tau Chung above Kowloon Bay.[1]

This article is about the stone relic and the eponymous park. For the MTR station, see Sung Wong Toi station. For the constituency, see Sung Wong Toi (constituency).
Sung Wong Toi
Chinese宋王臺
Literal meaningThe Terrace of the Sung Dynasty emperors

Etymology

The name Sung Wong Toi literally means Terrace of the Sung kings. The stone is believed to have been a memorial to the last two boy emperors of the Southern Song dynasty, Zhao Shi and Zhao Bing, who temporarily lived in Hong Kong from 1277 to 1279. In historical maps and documents, Sung Wong Toi is also known as Hill of the King of the Sung[2] and Song Wong Toi in some occasions.

History
c. 1920s. The boulder bearing the three carved characters is situated on top of the hill (right); both were protected as sacred relics by a special ordinance in 1899. The gate, the steps to the inscription and the balustrade around the boulder were erected in 1915. The hill was levelled and the boulder was broken up in blasting operations to extend Kai Tak Airport.

Song dynasty
Sung Wong Toi before the Second Sino-Japanese War
Stone carving before its separation from the original rockface (c.1950)
Sung Wong Toi Garden in 2009

According to historical records, when the child emperors Zhao Shi and Zhao Bing of the Song dynasty were fleeing south when the Song Empire was gradually being conquered by the Mongol Empire in the late 13th century, they took refuge at the Sacred Hill along the seashore. Zhao Shi died of illness in Hong Kong, while Zhao Bing died when the Song loyalist Lu Xiufu put him on his shoulders and jumped off a cliff following the defeat of Song by the Mongols at the naval Battle of Yamen.

Yuan dynasty

After the Song dynasty was overthrown by the Mongols in 1279, local residents inscribed the words "Sung Wong Toi" on this large rock that was on the Sacred Hill at that time.

Note that the Chinese character 王 (pinyin wáng, which means king) is carved in the stone instead of the conventional character 皇 (pinyin huáng, which means emperor). Both 王 and 皇 pronounced as "Wong" in Cantonese. This may have been done by the locals to avoid angering the Mongol rulers.

Qing dynasty

In 1807, seven smaller characters were added on the right side of the stone to record the renovation work during the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor.

Japanese occupation

During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in 1941–1945, the boulder was dislodged from its place when the Sacred Hill was levelled for an extension of the Kai Tak Airport. A portion of the rock inscribed with Chinese characters survived the blasting operation. That part of the boulder, about one-third of its original size, displays the Chinese name of the stone, "Sung Wong Toi".

Post war

After World War II, this portion of the stone was shaped into a rectangular block and moved to the Sung Wong Toi Garden, a small park especially constructed for it. This park is located in the present-day Kowloon City District, at the junction of Sung Wong Toi Road and Ma Tau Chung Road, which is close to the stone's original site. The construction work of the park was completed in the winter of 1945.

The park was planned be relocated to nearby Kai Tak Development as Sung Wong Toi Park.[3]

See also

References
  1. 蕭險峰; 岑智明; 劉國偉 (15 April 2016). 九龍城「上帝古廟」原址考證 (PDF). Fieldwork and Documents: South China Research Resource Station Newsletter (in Chinese) (83): 13. ISSN 1990-9020.
  2. 1920 Historical Map, Hong Kong Lands department, 1920.
  3. "Kai Tak Development - Project and Progress". Hong Kong: Civil Engineering and Development Department. August 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2021. (3) Under Planning and Design: Former North Apron area Lung Tsun Stone Bridge Preservation Corridor, Sung Wong Toi Park, Kai Tak Development – remaining infrastructure at former north apron area

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