Sultanate of Morocco (1665–1912)
The Sultanate of Morocco (Alaouite Dynasty) was founded in 1665 after Mulay Al-Rashid was able to unite and pacify the country.
Sultanate of Morocco سلطنة المغرب | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1665–1912 | |||||||||||||||||
.svg.png.webp) | |||||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Fez | ||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Moroccan | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Islamic Sultanate | ||||||||||||||||
• 1631–1636 | Sharif Ibn Ali (Prince of Talifat) | ||||||||||||||||
• 1665–1672 | Al Rashid (First) | ||||||||||||||||
• 1908–1912 | Abdelhafid (Last) | ||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
| 1665 | |||||||||||||||||
| 30 March 1912 | |||||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||||
• 1900 estimate | 6,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Moroccan Rial | ||||||||||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | MA | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Today part of |  Morocco  Algeria  Mauritania  Mali | ||||||||||||||||
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
History
The History of Morocco under the Alaouite Dynasty starts when Sharif Ibn Ali became Prince of Tafilalt in 1631. His son Mulay Al-Rashid was able to unite and pacify the country which established the Sultanate of Morocco.
The Alaouite Sultanate of Morocco was preceded by the Saadi Dynasty who remained in power since the 17th century. After the death of Ahmad Al Mansur, the country was divided amongst his sons.
In 1631, Morocco was reunited by the Alaouite Dynasty, who have been the ruling house of Morocco ever since. Morocco was facing aggression from Spain and the Ottoman Empire (Mainly Ottoman Algeria) allies pressing westward. The Alaouites succeeded in stabilising their position and the sultanate remained quite wealthy. Against the opposition of local tribes Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727) began to create a unified state. With his Jaysh d'Ahl al-Rif (the Riffian Army) he re-occupied Tangier from the English who had abandoned it in 1684 and drove the Spanish from Larache in 1689. Portuguese abandoned Mazagão, their last territory in Morocco, in 1769. However, the Siege of Melilla against the Spanish ended in defeat in 1775.
Morocco was the first nation to recognise the fledgling United States as an independent nation in 1777. In the beginning of the American Revolution, American merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean were subject to attack by the Barbary pirates. On 20 December 1777, Moroccan Sultan Mohammed III declared that American merchant ships would be under the protection of the Sultanate and could thus enjoy safe passage. The Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship, signed in 1786, stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty.
Alaouite Sultans
| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Rashid | 1631 – 9 April 1672 (aged 41) | 1665 | 9 April 1672 | Son of Moulay Sharif | Alaouite |  |
| Ismail Ibn Sharif | 1645– 22 March 1727 (aged 82) | 1672 | 22 March 1727 | Son of Moulay Sharif | Alaouite |  |
| Abu'l Abbas Ahmad (1st reign) | 1677 – 5 March 1729 (aged 52) | 22 March 1727 | March 1728 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite |  |
| Abdalmalik | 1696 – 2 March 1729 (aged 33) | March 1728 | July 1728 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Abu'l Abbas Ahmad (2nd reign) | 1677 – 5 March 1729 (aged 52) | July 1728 | 5 March 1729 | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Abdallah (1st reign) | 1678 – 10 November 1757 (aged 79) | 5 March 1729 | 28 September 1734 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Ali | Died April 1737 | 28 September 1734 | 14 February 1736 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Abdallah (2nd reign) | 1678 – 10 November 1757 (aged 79) | 14 February 1736 | 8 August 1736 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Mohammed II | 1694-1739 | 8 August 1736 | 18 June 1738 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Al-Mostadi (1st reign) | Died 1759 | 18 June 1738 | February 1740 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Abdallah (3rd reign) | 1678 – 10 November 1757 (aged 79) | February 1740 | 13 June 1741 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Zin al-Abidin | 1692 – 1762 (aged 70) | 13 June 1741 | 24 November 1741 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Abdallah (4th reign) | 1678 – 10 November 1757 (aged 79) | 24 November 1741 | 3 February 1742 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Al-Mostadi (2nd reign) | Died 1759 | 3 February 1742 | May 1743 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Abdallah (5th reign) | 1678 – 10 November 1757 (aged 79) | May 1743 | July 1747 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Al-Mostadi (3rd reign) | Died 1759 | July 1747 | October 1748 (deposed) | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Abdallah (6th reign) | 1678 – 10 November 1757 (aged 79) | October 1748 | 10 November 1757 | Son of Ismail Ibn Sharif | Alaouite | |
| Mohammed III | 1710 – 9 April 1790 (aged 80) | 10 November 1757 | 9 April 1790 | Son of Abdallah | Alaouite | |
| Yazid | 1750 – 23 February 1792 (aged 42) | 9 April 1790 | 23 February 1792 | Son of Mohammed III | Alaouite | |
| Slimane | 1760 – 28 November 1822 (aged 62) | 23 February 1792 | 28 November 1822 | Son of Mohammed III | Alaouite | |
| Abd al-Rahman | 1778 – 24 August 1859 (aged 81) | 28 November 1822 | 24 August 1859 | Nephew of Slimane | Alaouite |  |
| Mohammed IV | 1802 – 16 September 1873 (aged 71) | 24 August 1859 | 16 September 1873 | Son of Abd al-Rahman | Alaouite | |
| Hassan I | 1836 – 7 June 1894 (aged 58) | 16 September 1873 | 7 June 1894 | Son of Mohammed IV | Alaouite |  |
| Abdelaziz | 24 February 1878 – 10 June 1943 (aged 65) | 7 June 1894 | 4 January 1908 (deposed) | Son of Hassan I | Alaouite |  |
| Abdelhafid | 24 February 1876 – 4 April 1937 (aged 61) | 4 January 1908 | 12 August 1912 (abdicated) | Son of Hassan I | Alaouite |  |