Sultan Hatun (wife of Murad II)

Sultan Hatun[3] (Ottoman Turkish: سلطان خاتون‎) was a Turkish princess, the daughter of İsfendiyar Bey, eighth ruler of the Isfendiyarids. She was the wife of Sultan Murad II of the Ottoman Empire.[4][1]

Not to be confused with Sultan Hatun (wife of Bayezid I).
Sultan Hatun
DiedBursa, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Ishak Pasha Mausoleum, İnegöl, Bursa Province[1]
SpouseMurad II
Ishak Pasha
IssueHasan Çelebi[2]
Halil Bey
Şadi Bey
Mustafa Çelebi
Piri Çelebi
Ibrahim Bey
Hafsa Hatun
Fahrünnisa Hatun
Şehzade Hatun
DynastyIsfendiyarid (by birth)
Ottoman (by marriage)
Fatherİsfendiyar Bey
ReligionSunni Islam

First marriage

Sultan Murad II married Sultan Hatun around 1425,[5] at Edirne,[6] giving in marriage two of his sisters,[7] Selçuk Hatun and Sultan Hatun to Sultan Hatun's brothers, Ibrahim Bey and Kasım Bey.[5] By this dynastic union, Murad established an alliance with a powerful tribe against his most formidable enemy in Anatolia, the Karamanid Türkmen, who blocked the expansion of the Ottomans to the east. The good relations were preserved during the reign of the next sultan Mehmed II who endowed members of the dynasty with mülks in the region of Plovdiv and Didymoteicho, later transformed into waqfs.[8]

In 1435 Murad married Mara Branković. In the beginning Mara was warmly accepted, and Sultan Hatun who was the Sultan's favourite wife, was expelled from the court and sent to Bursa. It seems that something occurred at the Ottoman Porte between the autumn of 1435 and spring of 1436. It was during this time that Mara fell out of favour and was exiled while Sultan Hatun once again returned.[9]

In 1450, Sultan Hatun gave birth to a son named Hasan Çelebi.[10] Thus Mehmed now had a half-brother younger than his own sons, who would be a possible rival for the throne.

Second marriage

Murad died in 1451, and his son Mehmed the Conqueror ascended the throne. Directly after his coronation, he went to the harem of Edirne Palace, where he received the congratulations of the all the women there, who also gave him their condolences on the death of his father. The highest-ranking of the decreased sultan's wives at the time of his death was Sultan Hatun, who fifteen months before had given birth to Murad's last son, Hasan. Succession had often been a matter of contention in the Ottoman dynasty and had led two civil wars. So Mehmed decided that in this case, he would settle the matter at once by ordering the execution of Küçük Ahmed. Sultan Hatun was in the throne room imparting to the new Sultan her grief at the loss of her husband, Mehmed dispatched Ali Bey, the son of Gazi Evrenos to the Women's quarters to drown the baby.[11][12] Mehmed justified the murder of his half-brother as being accordance with the Ottoman code of fratricide, which on several occasions had been practised by his ancestors to prevent wars of succession. Mehmed later obliged Ishak Pasha, one of his father's officials and the new beylerbeyi of Anatolia, to take Sultan Hatun as his wife.[13][14][15]

The two together had eight children, five sons named Halil Bey, Şadi Bey, Mustafa Çelebi, Piri Çelebi, and Ibrahim Bey, and three daughters named Hafsa Hatun, Fahrünnisa Hatun, and Şehzade Hatun.[16][17]

References
  1. "İSHAK PAŞA (ö. 892/1487): Osmanlı vezîriâzamı". İslam Ansiklopedisi. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  2. Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 122.
  3. Türkiyeʼde vakıf abideler ve eski eserler, Volume 4. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü. 1983. p. 125. Hatunların ulusu, kadınların tacı merhum İsfendiyar Bey'in kızı merhume Sultan Hatun
  4. "Ishak Paşa Türbesi". bcg.org.tr. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  5. Sakaoğlu 2007, p. 40.
  6. Uluçay 2011, p. 31.
  7. Narodna 2003, p. 228.
  8. Narodna 2003.
  9. Jefferson 2012, p. 105.
  10. Thatcher 2011, p. 23.
  11. Babinger 1992, p. 65.
  12. Crowley 2009.
  13. Freely 2009.
  14. Thatcher 2011, p. 33.
  15. Babinger 1992, p. 66.
  16. Açıkoz, Hacı Mustafa. İNEGÖL İSHAK PASHA COMPLEX AS A MODEL OF SPACE HUMANISM: Philosophical Thoughts over the Feelings of Belonging, Serving and Togetherness Seen on Space Called as Lost Brand İnegöl İshak Pasha Külliye. p. 403.
  17. Reindi, Hedda (1983). Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, Volumes 75-77. Schwarz. pp. 238–39.

Sources
  • Babinger, Franz (1992). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01078-6.
  • Bey, Mehmet Süreyya (1969). Osmanlı devletinde kim kimdi, Volume 1.
  • Crowley, Roger (August 6, 2009). Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-25079-0.
  • Freely, John (February 28, 2009). The Grand Turk: Sultan Mehmet II - Conqueror of Constantinople, Master of an Empire and Lord of Two Seas. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-857-73022-0.
  • Jefferson, John (August 17, 2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438-1444. BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-21904-5.
  • Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. Orientalski otdel, International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (2003). Inventory of Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library: Registers. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Runciman, Steven (March 26, 2012). The Fall of Constantinople 1453. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-60469-8.
  • Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2007). Famous Ottoman women. Avea.
  • Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
  • Thatcher, Bruce D. (June 25, 2011). Adamant Aggressors: How to Recognize and Deal with Them. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-462-89195-5.
  • Uluçay, M. Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ötüken. ISBN 978-9-754-37840-5.
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