Sudomotor

Sudomotor (from Latin sudor, 'sweat' and motor) describes anything that stimulates the sweat glands.

Sudomotor innervation is the cholinergic innervation of the sympathetic nervous system prominent in sweat glands which causes perspiration to occur via activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.[1]

Release of acetylcholine and nitric oxide induced vasodilation occur. Increased blood flow causes more sweat and also allows heat loss via skin. [2]

Emotional centres in brain have some control over these fibres, head, face, upper chest are involved in blushing.

Sudomotor tests exist to evaluate the autonomic nervous system like QSART, Neuropad and Sudoscan.[3][4][5]

Functional tests can be compared to structural tests measuring fiber density on sweat glands with skin biopsies.[6][7]

References
  1. Kimpinski, K; Iodice, V; Sandroni, P; Fealey, RD; Vernino, S; Low, PA (2 November 2009). "Sudomotor dysfunction in autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy". Neurology. 73 (18): 1501–1506. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bf995f. PMC 2779006. PMID 19884578.
  2. Bell, C; Jänig, W; Kümmel, H; Xu, H (July 1985). "Differentiation of vasodilator and sudomotor responses in the cat paw pad to preganglionic sympathetic stimulation". The Journal of Physiology. 364: 93–104. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015732. PMC 1192957. PMID 4032308.
  3. Vinik, Aaron I.; Nevoret, Marie-Laure; Casellini, Carolina (2015-06-11). "The New Age of Sudomotor Function Testing: A Sensitive and Specific Biomarker for Diagnosis, Estimation of Severity, Monitoring Progression, and Regression in Response to Intervention". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 6: 94. doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00094. ISSN 1664-2392. PMC 4463960. PMID 26124748.
  4. Buchmann, Sylvia J.; Penzlin, Ana Isabel; Kubasch, Marie Luise; Illigens, Ben Min-Woo; Siepmann, Timo (February 2019). "Assessment of sudomotor function". Clinical Autonomic Research. 29 (1): 41–53. doi:10.1007/s10286-018-0530-2. ISSN 1619-1560. PMID 29737432. S2CID 13679051.
  5. Novak, Peter (February 2019). "Electrochemical skin conductance: a systematic review". Clinical Autonomic Research. 29 (1): 17–29. doi:10.1007/s10286-017-0467-x. ISSN 1619-1560. PMID 28951985. S2CID 4054173.
  6. Porubcin, Michal G.; Novak, Peter (2020). "Diagnostic Accuracy of Electrochemical Skin Conductance in the Detection of Sudomotor Fiber Loss". Frontiers in Neurology. 11: 273. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00273. ISSN 1664-2295. PMC 7212463. PMID 32425871.
  7. Duchesne, Mathilde; Richard, Laurence; Vallat, Jean-Michel; Magy, Laurent (July 2018). "Assessing sudomotor impairment in patients with peripheral neuropathy: Comparison between electrochemical skin conductance and skin biopsy". Clinical Neurophysiology. 129 (7): 1341–1348. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.608. ISSN 1872-8952. PMID 29729587. S2CID 13683743.
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