Substitute amendment

In parliamentary procedure, a substitute amendment is an amendment that replaces a portion or all of the wording in a proposal.

Legislatures

In legislatures, a substitute amendment kills a bill by replacing it if the amendment is passed.[1]

Legislative bodies sometimes have special rules regarding this type of amendment. For example, the Continental Congress had a rule stating: "No new motion or proposition shall be admitted under color of amendment as a substitute for a question or proposition under debate until it is postponed or disagreed to."[2]

United States Congress

In the United States Congress, substitute amendments are often used to replace the text of a bill that is no longer being considered with the text of an unrelated bill. In this case, it is said that the former bill is being used as a legislative vehicle for the latter. This has the effect of skipping steps of the legislative process, such as the need for a bill to be passed by a Congressional committee. This is possible because there is no general requirement that amendments offered by Senators on the floor must be germane or relevant to the bill being considered.[3]

Other assemblies

In other deliberative assemblies, using Robert's Rules of Order, a substitute amendment is a form of the motion to amend.[4] It could be debated, modified, and voted on like other amendments.

A substitute can be a sentence, paragraph, section, or article within a motion or resolution, or it can be the entire motion or resolution.[5]

It could be used to improve a poorly worded motion or resolution which helps to pass it.[6]

Procedure

When a substitute is proposed, both the substitute and the wording of the motion that is being substituted for are considered.[6] In this case, the substitute could be amended and the original motion could be amended.

Then a vote is taken on whether to put the substitute (with any modifications) in place of the original motion (with any modifications).

This makes it fair for the proponents of the original motion (if only the substitute could be considered and passed, then the proponents of the original motion wouldn't get a chance to advocate and possibly improve their motion if that was the case).[6]

If the substitute amendment passed, the main motion as amended would still need to be voted on.[7]

References

Chopra, Ramesh. Academic Dictionary Of Political Science, p. 283 (Gyan Books 2005).
Sargent, Noel. "Bills for Raising Revenue Under the Federal and State Constitutions", Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 4, p. 330 (1919).
Heitshusen, Valerie (2019-07-22). "The Legislative Process on the Senate Floor: An Introduction" (PDF). U.S. Congressional Research Service. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-306-82020-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Robert 2011, p. 153
Robert 2011, p. 157
Robert III, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-306-82019-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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[1] Chopra, Ramesh. Academic Dictionary Of Political Science, p. 283 (Gyan Books 2005).

[2] Sargent, Noel. "Bills for Raising Revenue Under the Federal and State Constitutions", Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 4, p. 330 (1919).

[3] Heitshusen, Valerie (2019-07-22). "The Legislative Process on the Senate Floor: An Introduction" (PDF). U.S. Congressional Research Service. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2020-12-21.

[4] Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-306-82020-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

[5] Robert 2011, p. 153

[:0-6] Robert 2011, p. 157

[7] Robert III, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-306-82019-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Parliamentary procedure
Major concepts	History of parliamentary procedure Principles of parliamentary procedure Deliberative assembly Committee Session Quorum Chair Floor Recognition Motion Second Debate Main motion Order of business Minutes Voting methods in deliberative assemblies Majority Unanimous consent
Subsidiary motions	Postpone indefinitely Amend Commit Postpone to a certain time Limit or extend limits of debate Previous question Cloture Lay on the table
Privileged motions	Call for the orders of the day Raise a question of privilege Recess Adjourn Fix the time to which to adjourn
Incidental motions	Point of order Appeal Suspend the rules Objection to the consideration of a question Division of a question Consideration by paragraph or seriatim Division of the assembly Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls Motions relating to nominations Request to be excused from a duty Requests and inquiries (Parliamentary inquiry, Request for information, Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion, Request to read papers, Request for any other privilege)
Motions that bring a question again before the assembly	Take from the table Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted Discharge a committee Reconsider
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