Stolpersteine in Croatia

The Stolpersteine in Croatia lists the Stolpersteine in the Republic of Croatia. Stolpersteine is the German name for stumbling blocks collocated all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fate of the Nazi victims being murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide.

Stolpersteine for Eugenio and Giannetta Lipschitz in Rijeka

Generally, the stumbling blocks are posed in front of the building where the victims had their last self-chosen residence. Until now in Croatia there has been only one collocation of Stolpersteine—in 2013 in the Adriatic town Rijeka (Croatian pronunciation: [rijěːka], in Italian: Fiume). From 1466, this town was under Habsburg rule for four and half centuries, at last with two-thirds of its inhabitants being of Italian descent. Thereafter, Rijeka was independent for some years. From 1924 to the end of WW2, the city belonged to Italy. The name of the Stolpersteine in Croatian is Kamen spoticanja, and in Italian: pietre d'inciampo.

Rijeka
Stone Inscription Location Life and death
HERE LIVED
EUGENIO LIPSCHITZ
BORN 1883
ARRESTED MARCH 1944
INTERNED IN RISIERA
DI SAN SABBA
DEPORTED 1944
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED AT AN UNKNOWN DATE
 Ante Starčevića 5
45°19′33″N 14°26′41″E		 Lipschitz, Jeremus EugenioJeremus Eugenio Lipschitz was born on 5 May 1883 in the Western Hungarian city of Sümeg.[1] His family moved to Fiume/Rijeka in 1894. He established himself as a retailer of gadgets and jewelry and married Zseni Zipszer, also called Giannetta. The couple had three children, the sons Arturo (1914–1980) and Efraim (born 1919) and the daughter Magda (also Maddalena), who later-on was married to Enrico Heimler and took his name. Both sons were able to emigrate to Palestine in time. His daughter Magda, together with her husband, her mother-in-law and her sister-in-law, escaped to Central Italy in September 1943, and thereafter to Switzerland where she could survive the Holocaust.[2] Jeremus Eugenio Lipschitz was interned by the Mussolini regime 28 July – 22 December 1940 in the Campagna internment camp. After his release he was not allowed to return to Fiume for a certain period. He and his wife were arrested in Fiume by German forces in March 1944, first deported to Risiera di San Sabba, a German concentration camp in Trieste, later to Auschwitz Birkenau concentration camp. There, both were murdered at an unknown time.

His sister Giuseppina and her husband Adolfo Simkovits were also murdered in Auschwitz.[3]

Lipschitz's report on the internment in Campagna was translated by his daughter from Hungarian to Italian and published in 2001 in book form. His report was designated by the Corriere del Mezzogiorno as a particularly relevant historical document.[lower-alpha 1] Excerpts appeared in two anthologies in 2011 and 2015.[5][6]

HERE LIVED
GIANNETTA ZIPSZER
LIPSCHITZ
BORN 1893
ARRESTED MARCH 1944
INTERNED IN RISIERA
DI SAN SABBA
DEPORTED 1944
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED AT AN UNKNOWN DATE
 Ante Starčevića 5
45°19′33″N 14°26′41″E		 Zipszer Lipschitz, GiannettaGiannetta Zipszer Lipschitz, also Zseni, was born on 18 June 1893 in Mád in Northeastern Hungary. Her parents were shop assistant Albert Zipszer (born 1843) and the housewife Rozaliá Altmann (born 1848).[7][8][9] She had at least one brother, Herman, born 1868 in Mad.[10] She lived in Fiume/Rijeka from 1914, was married to Jeremus Eugenio Lipschitz and worked as a housewife. The couple had at least three children who were all born in Fiume and who could survive the German occupation and the Holocaust: Arturo, Magda and Efraim.

Together with her husband, she was arrested in Fiume in March 1944, deported to Risiera di San Sabba, and later to Auschwitz Birkenau concentration camp, where she was murdered by the Nazi regime at an unknown time, as was her husband.

Dates of collocations

The collocation in Rijeka took place on 21 May 2013. For both victims two Stolpersteine were posed, one in Croatian and one in Italian. The planned collocation of a Stolperstein for Branko Lustig in Osijek on 22 May 2013 has probably not taken place.

See also

Notes
  1. In a review of the book Gli ebrei sotto la persecuzione in Italia by Avagliano/Palmieri, the Italian daily Corriere del Mezzogiorno praised the Lipschitz diary and its "exact description of the internment″.[4]

References
  1. "Search: Family of Eugenio Lipschitz". I Nomi della Shoah Italiana (Memorial to the Victims of 1943 - 1945 Anti-Jewish Persecution). Retrieved 11 Dec 2016. spouse: Giannetta Zipszer; brothers and sisters: Giuseppina Lipschitz
  2. Claims Resolution Tribunal (24 October 2002). "In re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation Case No. CV96-4849" (PDF). Retrieved 29 Dec 2016.
  3. "Lipschitz, Giuseppina", CDEC Digital Library, retrieved on 6 May 2017.
  4. "Gli ebrei negli anni della persecuzione: lettere e diari di una sofferenza corale" [The Jews in the years of persecution: letters and diaries of a choral suffering]. Corriere del Mezzogiorno (in Italian). 2011-04-02. Retrieved 2017-01-27. Tra i documenti storici particolarmente rilevanti […] l'accurata ricostruzione dell'internamento a Campagna da parte dell'ebreo di Fiume Eugenio Lipschitz […]
  5. Mario Avagliano; Marco Palmieri (2011). Gli ebrei sotto la persecuzione in Italia. Diari e lettere 1938–1945 [The Jews under persecution in Italy. Diaries and letters 1938–1945] (in Italian). Turin: Einaudi. Contains excerpts and quotations from the diary entries of Eugenio Lipschitz.
  6. Eugenio Lipschitz (2015). "Una storia Ebraica" [A Jewish history]. La finestra della libertà. Frontiera per un'altra Europa. Storia degli internati ebrei di Campagna [The window of freedom. Border for another Europe. History of the Jewish country internees]. By Giuseppina Di Stasi; Renato Mazzei. Studies & essays, volume 78 (in Italian). Rome: EdUP. pp. 37–86. ISBN 978-88-8421-273-3. Contains excerpts from the diary entries of Eugenio Lipschitz.
  7. "Name: Giannetta Zipszer". I Nomi della Shoah Italiana (Memorial to the Victims of 1943 - 1945 Anti-Jewish Persecution). Retrieved 11 Dec 2016. Giannetta Zipszer, daughter of Alberto Zipszer and Rosa Altmann. She was born in Hungary, in Mad, on June 18 1893. She was married with Eugenio Lipschitz. She was arrested in Rijeka (Rijeka). She was deported to the extermination camp of Auschwitz. She did not survive the Shoah.
  8. "ZIPSZER ALBERT", Footsteps of Wonder Rabbis, retrieved on 29 Dec 2016.
  9. "ALTMANN ROZÁLIA", Footsteps of Wonder Rabbis, retrieved on 29 Dec 2016.
  10. "ZIPSZER HERMAN", Footsteps of Wonder Rabbis, retrieved on 29 Dec 2016.
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