Stigmatopora nigra

Stigmatopora nigra, also known as the wide-bodied pipefish is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae.[1] This species can be found in the shallow waters, bays, and estuaries of southern Australia from Shark Bay to Brisbane, Tasmania, and New Zealand.[2][3] They often inhabit seagrass or algae beds in addition to bare sand.[4] Their diet consists of small crustaceans such as copepods and amphipods.[5] Adult brooding males have been measured at 6.5-7 centimeters.[2] Reproduction occurs through ovoviviparity.[6] in which the males brood up to 25 eggs in a pouch below the tail before giving live birth.[2][7] Stigmatopora nigra can live to 150 days old and are able to reproduce throughout the year.[8]

Wide-bodied pipefish
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Syngnathiformes
Family: Syngnathidae
Genus: Stigmatopora
Species:
S. nigra
Binomial name
Stigmatopora nigra
Kaup 1856[1]

References
  1. Carlyle, C.; Pollom, R. "Stigmatopora nigra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Dawson, C.E. (1982). "Review of the Indo-Pacific pipefish genus Stigmatopora (Syngnathidae)". Records of the Australian Museum. 34 (13): 575–605. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.34.1982.243.
  3. Dawson, C.E. (1985). Indo-Pacific Pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA: The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory.
  4. McClatchie, S.; Middleton, J.; Pattiaratchi, C.; Currie, D.; Kendrick, G. (2006). The South-west Marine Region: Ecosystems and Key Species Groups. Department of the Environment and Water Resources.
  5. Kendrick, A.J.; Hyndes, G.A. (2005). "Variations in the dietary compositions of morphologically diverse syngnathid fishes". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 72: 415–427. doi:10.1007/s10641-004-2597-y.
  6. Breder, C.M.; Rosen, D.E. (1966). Modes of reproduction in fishes. Neptune City, New Jersey: T.F.H. Publications.
  7. Browne, R.K.; Smith, K. (2007). "A new pipefish, Stigmatopora narinosa(Syngnathidae) from south Australia". Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria. 64: 1–6. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2007.64.1.
  8. Parkinson, K.L.; Booth, D.J. (2016). "Rapid growth and short life spans characterize pipefish populations in vulnerable seagrass beds". Journal of Fish Biology Early View. doi:10.1111/jfb.12950. hdl:10453/43983.


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