Sports-based youth development

Sports-Based Youth Development or SBYD is a theory and practice model for direct youth service. Grounded in youth development, sports psychology, and youth sports practice, SBYD aims to use the sport experience to contribute to positive youth development. Sports-based youth development is similar to sport for social development.

Origins

The term "sports-based youth development program" was coined in 2006 at a summit sponsored by Harvard University’s Program in Education, Afterschool and Resiliency (PEAR), Positive Learning Using Sports (PLUS), and the Vail Leadership Institute. SBYD programs were defined as programs that “use a particular sport… to facilitate learning and life skill development in youth”.[1]

Characteristics of SBYD programs

SBYD is based on the idea that sport programs should be intentionally designed to ensure youth have a positive, not negative, experience.[2] SBYD programs are defined as sports programs with the following features:

  • Physical and psychological safety
  • Appropriate structure
  • Supportive relationships
  • Opportunities to belong
  • Positive social norms
  • Support for efficacy and mattering
  • Opportunities for skill building
  • Opportunities to foster cultural competence
  • Active learning
  • Opportunities for recognition
  • Strength-based focus
  • Ecological and holistic programs
  • Integration of family, school, and community efforts[1]

Others have applied best practices in youth development to the sport context and defined the factors most likely to facilitate psychosocial development as when youth are:

  • Engaged in a desired activity with an appropriate environment (context)
  • Surrounded by caring adult mentors and a positive group or community (external assets)
  • Able to learn or acquire skills (internal assets) that are important for managing life situations
  • Benefiting from the findings of a comprehensive system of evaluation and research[3]

Organizations using the SBYD model can have different specific goals such as improved health, education, and delinquency prevention. Programs are often implemented in the after-school setting but can also be implemented in schools. SBYD programs do not need to completely devalue the competitive aspect of sport, but winning is not the central focus of the program. Often SBYD program target populations that typically have fewer opportunities for sport participation such as females and youth from low-income communities.

Examples of SBYD organizations

Hoops 4 Hope

Hoops 4 Hope is a non-profit organization in South Africa that uses basketball to help children from underserved areas become proactive leaders in their individual lives and in their communities.[4] It has been in existence for over 15 years. Hoops 4 Hope in conjunction with its sister organization Soccer 4 Hope has given 10,000 children the opportunity to participate in sports.[4]

Up2Us Sports

Up2Us, doing business as Up2Us Sports, is a sport-based youth development non-profit organization founded in 2010 dedicated to supporting young people through sport.[5] Through their national coach program, Up2Us identifies, trains and supports coaches, many of whom serve as AmeriCorps members, to work with young people in underserved communities around the country.[6] Their training teaches strategies for coaches to work with young people who have dealt with trauma.[7]

Positive Learning Using Sports

PLUS is a global campaign to raise awareness of the potential of sport as a natural, accessible, and inexpensive platform to transform people's lives for the better. Since 1984, PLUS has partnered with local communities, schools and organizations to train leaders how to better use sports to teach self-advocacy, leadership, literacy, and health. PLUS envisions a world where all sport-based organizations teach what children need to live safe, happy lives.

Peace Players International

Peace Players International has been working for almost a decade "to unite, educate and inspire young people in divided communities through basketball."[8] There are 52,000 children involved in South Africa, Northern Ireland, Israel and the West Bank, and Cyprus.[8]

SquashBusters

SquashBusters is a New England-based organization that provides middle and high school students with academic tutoring and squash instruction.[9] The program, which has existed since 1996, has served over 800 students. SquashBusters is a founding member of the National Urban Squash and Education Alliance, a nationwide association of urban squash programs.

Street Soccer USA

Street Soccer USA is a non-profit organization under the umbrella of HELP USA that promotes the growth and development of a national network of grassroots soccer programs to achieve social change. SSUSA aims to get homeless men, women, and youth off the streets through innovative, sports-based solutions to eradicate homelessness and poverty in the United States. As of 2010, SSUSA has 18 teams across the United States.[10]

Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities

Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities (RBI) is a youth baseball program operated by Major League Baseball. This youth initiative is designed to provide young people from underserved and diverse communities the opportunity to play baseball and softball. The program was created by John Young in 1989 in Los Angeles, and now serves more than 200 communities.

Beat the Streets National

Beat the Streets National cultivates youth development in underserved communities by encouraging a desire for excellence, respect, teamwork, leadership, integrity, and perseverance through the instruction of quality wrestling programs. Beat the Streets National empowers our city leaders to deliver sustainable, quality youth development wrestling programs.

The organization includes 8 accredited member cities working together to grow opportunities for youth: New York City, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Chicago, Providence, Lancaster, Cleveland, and Boston

References

Beedy, J.P. (1997). Positive Learning Using Sports: Developing Youth Sports Programs That Teach Positive Values. New Hampton, NH: Project Adventure Inc.


  1. Perkins, Daniel F.; Noam, Gil G. (2007-09-01). "Characteristics of sports-based youth development programs". New Directions for Youth Development. 2007 (115): 75–84. doi:10.1002/yd.224. ISSN 1537-5781. PMID 17924435.
  2. Fraser-Thomas, Jessica L.; Côté, Jean; Deakin, Janice (2005-02-01). "Youth sport programs: an avenue to foster positive youth development". Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 10 (1): 19–40. doi:10.1080/1740898042000334890. hdl:1974/14425. ISSN 1740-8989.
  3. Petitpas, Albert, Cornelius, Allen, Van Raalte, Judy, Jones, Tiffany (2005). "A Framework for Planning Youth Sport Programs That Foster Psychosocial Development". The Sport Psychologist, 19:63-80.
  4. "About H4H". Hoops 4 Hope. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  5. Dixon, Lance. "Coaches teach kids life lessons". Miami Herald. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  6. Mcnulty, Ian. "Community Impact Series: Up2Us". WWNO. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  7. Given, Karen. "Trauma-Sensitive Coaching Transforms Violent Neighborhoods". WBUR. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  8. "Mission, Vision and Values". Peace Players International. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  9. "Who We Are". SquashBusters.
  10. http://avidsoccer.com/blog/index.php/2010/06/15/epl-soccer-stars-demonstrate-that-ending-homelessness-is-a-team-sport-by-training-homeless-teens-in-la/comment-page-1/
Beedy, Jeffrey. Positive Learning Using Sports: The New Science of Sport-based Education  2016 Global Children Publishers. Farmington, Maine
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