Spirorchiidae

Spirorchiidae is a family of digenetic trematodes. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of turtles.[1][2] It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921.

Spirorchiidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Platyhelminthes
Class:
Trematoda
Order:
Diplostomida
Suborder:
Diplostomata
Superfamily:
Schistosomatoidea
Family:
Spirorchiidae

Stunkard, 1921

Genera
  • Amphiorchis Price, 1934
  • Baracktrema Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016
  • Cardiotrema Dwivedi, 1967
  • Carettacola Manter & Larson, 1950
  • Cheloneotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
  • Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933
  • Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940
  • Hapalorhynchus Stunkard, 1922
  • Hapalotrema Looss, 1899
  • Learedius Price, 1934
  • Monticellius Mehra, 1939
  • Neocaballerotrema Simha, 1977
  • Neospirorchis Price, 1934
  • Plasmiorchis Mehra, 1934
  • Platt Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018
  • Satyanarayanotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
  • Shobanatrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
  • Spirhapalum Ejsmont, 1927
  • Spirorchis MacCallum, 1919
  • Unicaecum Stunkard, 1925
  • Uterotrema Platt & Pichelin, 1994
  • Vasotrema Stunkard, 1928

Hosts

Some species of spirochiids are parasites of the freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus.[3]

The cardiovascular parasites Learedius learedi, Hapalotrema postorchis, Monticellius indicum and Amphiorchis solus have been found in the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas).[4]

Spirhapalum siamensis is a parasite found in the heart of the Amboina box turtle (Cuora amboinensis).[5]

References
  1. Snyder, S. D. (2004). Phylogeny and paraphyly among tetrapod blood flukes (Digenea: Schistosomatidae and Spirorchiidae). International Journal for Parasitology 34(12), 1385-92.
  2. Roberts, Jackson R.; Orelis-Ribeiro, Raphael; Halanych, Kenneth M.; Arias, Cova R.; Bullard, Stephen A. (2016). "A new species of Spirorchis MacCallum, 1918 (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea) and Spirorchis cf. scripta from chicken turtle, Deirochelys reticularia (Emydidae), with an emendation and molecular phylogeny of Spirorchis". Folia Parasitologica. 63. doi:10.14411/fp.2016.041. ISSN 0015-5683. PMID 28003567.
  3. Liu, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Idris, M. A.; Lokman, H. S.; Rajapakse, P. V. J.; Satrija, F.; Diaz, J. L.; Upatham, E. S.; Attwood, S. W. (2010). "The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia". Parasites & Vectors. 3: 57. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-57. PMC 2914737. PMID 20602771..
  4. Santoro, M.; Morales, J. A.; Rodríguez-Ortíz, B. (2007). "Spirorchiidiosis (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) and lesions associated with parasites in Caribbean green turtles (Chelonia mydas)". The Veterinary Record. 161 (14): 482–486. doi:10.1136/vr.161.14.482. PMID 17921440..
  5. Tkach, V. V.; Snyder, S. D.; Vaughan, J. A. (2009). "A New Species of Blood Fluke (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) from the Malayan Box Turtle, Cuora amboinensis (Cryptodira: Geomydidae) in Thailand". Journal of Parasitology. 95 (3): 743–746. doi:10.1645/GE-1858.1. PMID 19093710..
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