Southernmost point buoy

The Southernmost Point Buoy is an anchored concrete buoy in Key West, Florida, marking the southernmost point in the continental United States, the lowest latitude land of contiguous North American states. It is 18 feet above sea level. The large painted buoy was established as a tourist attraction in 1983 by the city at the corner of South Street and Whitehead Street. It is one of the most visited and photographed attractions in the United States.

Concrete marker near the "Southernmost point in the continental United States" located in Key West, Florida, at the corner of South and Whitehead Streets

The southernmost point was originally marked with a small sign, before the City of Key West erected the now famous concrete buoy in 1983. The concrete buoy has overall withstood several hurricanes and is a gathering place for photographs and tourists.[1][2] The paint job was damaged by Hurricane Irma in September 2017, but it was refurbished later that year by the original artist supported by the City of Key West which values the landmark as a tourist attraction.[3][4][5][6] Cuba is roughly 90 miles south of this point in Key West, although this was not originally on the marker, but rather on a smaller sign next to marker.[7]

Description
The spot was originally marked with sign, shown here in 1972

Before the concrete buoy there was a wooden sign that noted the southern point at this spot.[8] The old wood sign as of 1970 only said "The Southernmost Point, of Southernmost City, Key West Fla."[9] By 1982 this had changed to "The Southernmost Point, In USA, Key West Fla".[10] There was separate sign on a nearby fence in that area, with an arrow pointing south (in this case to the left) with the text "90 Miles to Cuba".[11]

The buoy in the 1980s

The buoy is maintained by the Key West Public Works Department and it was dedicated on September 10, 1983.[12] The painted concrete buoy is 12 feet tall and 7 feet wide.[13]

Heading north east begins the route along US 1, a road which goes all the way to Fort Kent, Maine.[13] Next to maker is a cement telegraph hut. This hut housed underwater telephone cable that connected Key West to Havana in 1921.[14] The cable hut is a small structure just a little east of the Southernmost marker where the cable went into the sea.[15]

As of 2011, the buoy is inscribed: "The Conch Republic. 90 Miles to Cuba, Southernmost Point Continental U.S.A., Key West, F.L., Home of the Sunset".[16] The buoy was refurbished in 2005.[13] The phrases "90 miles to Cuba" and "Home of the Sunset" were not on the 1986 paint job.[17]

In November 1983, the text did not include the line "90 miles to Cuba", which was still written on a smaller sign on fence next to the buoy.[18] Next to the buoy, also as of November 1983, there was a script "America Begins" painted on a curb below the 90 miles to Cuba sign.[19] Also at that time the buoy did not include the text "Home of the Sunset".[20] (see also Mallory Square, which hosts Key West sunset celebration)

By the 2010s, there was a webcam that relays video of the street corner where the buoy is located to the Internet.[21]

The buoy paint job was done by local painter-artist Danny Acosta, and the City of Key West hired him to paint again after it was damaged by Hurricane Irma in 2017.[22]

Accuracy
Main article: List of extreme points of the United States § Southernmost points
Key West in red on map is part of the Keys, with Monroe County in dark green on an inset map of the State of Florida

A more southern part of Key West Island exists and is publicly accessible: the beach area of Fort Zachary Taylor Historic State Park at approximately 24°32'42.2"N 81°48'34.5"W, and approximately 500 feet (150 m) farther south than the marker. Also, the Big Island of Hawaii is farther south than Key West (see Ka Lae).[23]

Further south, land on the Truman Annex property, just west-southwest of the buoy, is the true southernmost point on the island (approximately 900 feet (270 m) farther south near 24°32'39.2"N 81°48'17.8"W), but it has no marker since it is U.S. Navy property and cannot be entered by civilian tourists.

Finally, the true southernmost point in Florida (as well as in the continental United States) is actually 10 miles away at Ballast Key (24°31'15.9"N 81°57'49.5"W), an island south and west of Key West.

The claim on the buoy stating "90 miles to Cuba" may be a rounded number, since Cuba, at its closest point is 94 statute (81 nautical) miles due south.[24] One book author suggests they meant 90 nautical miles, from a distance of 103 statute ('regular') miles measuring from Key West to Havana, Cuba.[25] West of Key West there are a number of islands that are farther south including Man, Woman, and Ballast Key, and even on Key West the island's land extends farther south heading west such as at Fort Zachary Taylor Park.

The 1970 sign at this site said that it was the Southernmost Point of Southernmost City of Key West.[26] Over time as the signs were replaced, the amount of short messages increased and slowly morphed into the longer string of text today.[27]

In Callahan's Key (2001) by Spider Robinson it is noted that "The famous, oft-photographed marker at The Southernmost Point... is not."[28]

A subplot of Robert Tacoma's second novel, Key Weirder (2005), involves an interstate dispute over where the true southernmost point is located, and, therefore, where the monument should be placed.

References
  1. Key West History Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
  2. AOL Cityguide
  3. Turner, Jim. "Gov. Scott declares Florida Keys 'absolutely open' for tourists". OrlandoSentinel.com. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  4. Key West History Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
  5. AOL Cityguide
  6. O'Brien, Bridget. "Southernmost Point Buoy In Key West Shines Again". Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  8. Streisand, Gordon (2017). 111 Places in Miami and the Keys that you must not miss (in German). Emons Verlag. ISBN 9783960412281.
  9. Florida, State Library and Archives of. "Street vending at the Southernmost point - Key West, Florida". Florida Memory. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  11. Florida, State Library and Archives of. "Conch shells and sponges for sale at the Southernmost Point in Key West, Florida". Florida Memory. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  12. Marcus Varner, Scott Gutelius, Marshall Stone - True Secrets of Key West Revealed! (2011)- Page 63
  13. Friend, Sandra; Riley, Trish; Wolf, Kathy (2010-02-01). Explorer's Guide South Florida: Includes Sarasota, Naples, Miami & the Florida Keys (Second Edition). The Countryman Press. ISBN 9781581579024.
  14. "Visiting the Southernmost Point". myajc. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  16. Marcus Varner, Scott Gutelius, Marshall Stone - True Secrets of Key West Revealed! (2011)- Page 63
  18. Florida, State Library and Archives of. "Scene at the "Southernmost Point" at South and Whitehead streets - Key West, Florida". Florida Memory. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  19. Florida, State Library and Archives of. "Scene at the "Southernmost Point" at South and Whitehead streets - Key West, Florida". Florida Memory. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  20. Florida, State Library and Archives of. "Scene at the "Southernmost Point" at South and Whitehead streets - Key West, Florida". Florida Memory. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  21. Dwilson, Stephanie Dube (2017-09-08). "Hurricane Irma Live Stream: Watch the Storm on Florida Web Cams Online". Heavy.com. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
  22. O'Brien, Bridget. "Southernmost Point Buoy In Key West Shines Again". Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  24. National Weather Service Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
  25. Nyad, Diana (2016-06-28). Find a Way: The Inspiring Story of One Woman's Pursuit of a Lifelong Dream. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780804172912.
  28. Robinson, Spider. "Callahan's Key" (PDF). Spectra. Retrieved 12 March 2013.

See also
  • Cape Sable (Southernmost of the Florida peninsula (Non-island))
  • Palmyra Atoll (Southernmost incorporated territory) (5 degrees above equator)

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