Shirley Hill Witt

Shirley Hill Witt (born April 17, 1934)[1] is an anthropologist, author, civil rights activist, and former foreign service officer. A member of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, Wolf Clan, Witt was one of the first Native American women to earn a Ph.D.[1] She obtained her Ph.D. in evolutionary anthropology from the University of New Mexico in 1969.[2] Witt has published extensively on Native Americans in addition to being a poet and fiction writer. She was a founding member of the National Indian Youth Council.[1]

Shirley Hill Witt
Born (1934-04-17) April 17, 1934
Whittier, California, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater
Occupation
  • Anthropologist
  • author
  • activist

Education

Witt received her B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1965 and her M.A. from the University of Michigan in 1966. She later obtained her Ph.D. in evolutionary anthropology from the University of New Mexico in 1969 with her dissertation "Migration into the San Juan Indian Pueblo, 1726-1968".[2]

Career

Witt has taught at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1970–1972) and Colorado College (1972–1974). She was the director of the Rocky Mountain Regional Office of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (1975–1983). Witt also served as the Cabinet Secretary for Natural Resources under New Mexico Governor Toney Anaya (1983–1985). In 1985, she joined the U.S. diplomatic corps.[3] In 2000, Witt was one of the plaintiffs in a sex-discrimination case against the United States Information Agency. The 1,100 women accused the agency of "manipulating the hiring process to exclude women, in some cases resorting to fraud, altering test scores and destroying personnel and test files." Although the agency did not admit to any wrongdoing, each woman was awarded at least $460,000.[4]

Activism

Inspired by the civil rights movement, young American Indians started radical indigenous activism that centered on sovereignty, decolonization, and anti-imperialism. At the 1961 American Indian Chicago Conference, a youth caucus was formed by student activists. That group eventually formed the National Indian Youth Council in 1961 and Witt became the founding vice president.[1] The organization published a monthly newsletter, ABC: Americans Before Columbus.[5]

Published works
  • Witt, Shirley Hill and Steiner, Stan, The Way: An Anthology of American Indian Literature, Vintage Books, 1972, ISBN 9780394717692
  • Witt, Shirley Hill, The Tuscaroras, Crowell-Collier Press, 1972, ISBN 9780027932706
  • Witt, Shirley Hill and Ballejos, Gilberto Chávez, El Indio Jesús: A Novel, University of Oklahoma Press, 2000, ISBN 9780806132303
  • Witt, Shirley Hill and Ballejos, Gilberto Chávez, Tomóchic Blood, AuthorHouse, 2006, ISBN 9781425932626
  • Shreve, Bradley G., Red Power Rising: The National Indian Youth Council and the Origins of Native Activism (foreword), University of Oklahoma Press, 2012, ISBN 9780806184999

References
  1. "Witt, Shirley Hill, 1934-". Social Networks and Archival Context. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  2. "Shirley Hill Witt". The University of New Mexico. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  3. Clark, Anthony Tyeeme; Yetman, Norman R. ""To Feel the Drumming Earth Come Upward": Indigenizing the American Studies Discipline, Field, Movement". American Studies. 46: 7–21 – via JSTOR.
  4. Kilborn, Peter T. (March 24, 2000). "For Women in Bias Case, the Wounds Remain: At the heart of a long legal battle: not just jobs, but self-esteem". The New York Times.
  5. Boulder, W.C. (1996). Radicals and Radicalism, 1900 to the Present. Encyclopedia of North American Indians. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
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