Shamadavle Dadiani

Shamadavle Dadiani (also Shamandavle or Shamandavla; Georgian: შამადავლე დადიანი; died 1474) was a member of the House of Dadiani and eristavi ("duke") of Odishi (Mingrelia) in western Georgia from 1470 until his death. He succeeded his father Liparit I Dadiani and continued his predecessors' efforts to garner more autonomy as the united Kingdom of Georgia was approaching to its end.

Biography

Shamadavle was the elder son of Liparit I Dadiani, on whose death he succeeded as the eristavi of Odishi in 1470.[1] As the surviving documents reveal he styled himself as the "great eristavt-eristavi ("duke of dukes") Dadiani-Gurieli". Of these title-turned-surnames, the former signified his rule in Odishi and the latter emphasized his suzerainty over Guria, a fief of the secundogeniture of the Dadiani in possession of Shamadavle's younger brother, Mamia Gurieli, and his progeny.[2] His other titles were those of the eristavi of the Svans and of mandaturt-ukhutsesi ("Lord High Steward") of Imereti.[3]

Political career

Like his father and predecessor, Shamadavle contributed to the final fragmentation of the Kingdom of Georgia; Liparit helped militarily to Bagrat II of Imereti to secede in western Georgia and Shamadavle assisted him in detaching the western Georgian church—the Catholicate of Abkhazia—from the Patriarchate of Mtskheta, thereby rendering the Georgian church divided into two for the following four centuries. This was done with the assistance of Michael IV, a Greek Patriarch of Antioch, who was touring Georgia to collect donations. Michael produced a canonical epistle in Georgian, declaring the Mingrelian bishop Joachim of Tsaishi and Bedia as catholicos under the tutelage of the See of Antioch.[3]

European accounts

Accounts of Mingrelia of Shamadavle's times are found in the contemporary reports by the European visitors who testify an economical, social, and moral decline in the war-torn Georgian states.[4] Shamadavle was the unnamed son of the Mingrelian ruler (Bendia, Rex Mingraeliae cum suo filio) mentioned in the Latin correspondence related to the proposed crusade of Pope Pius II against the Ottomans in 1460.[5] On 5 July 1474, the Venetian Ambrogio Contarini had an audience with the ruler of Mingrelia called Bendian, whom he described as a handsome man of about 50, but was surprised at his manners: they were "those of a madman". A year later, in July 1475, the Venetian found him dead and Mingrelia in disorder.[6] The Bendian of these accounts is a rendition of Bendiani, a title of the Dadiani, while the man whom Contarini met was Shamadavle, who, indeed, died in 1474 as reported by Prince Vakhushti in his chronicle. He was buried in the Khobi Cathedral, the Dadiani's burial ground.[7][2]

Family

Shamadavle was married to a certain Anna, who is known from an inscription first published by the French Orientalist Marie-Félicité Brosset.[8][9] He had a son, Liparit II Dadiani, the future ruler of Mingrelia. Shamadavle was succeeded by his uncle, Vameq II Dadiani.[1][9]

References

1. Bagrationi, Vakhushti (1976). Nakashidze, N.T. (ed.). История Царства Грузинского [History of the Kingdom of Georgia] (PDF) (in Russian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 131.
2. Toumanoff, Cyril (1949–51). "The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia". Traditio. 7: 186–187.
3. Beradze, Tamaz (1989). "შამადავლე დადიანი [Shamadavle Dadiani]". ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია, ტ. 10 [Georgian Soviet Encyclopaedia, Vol. 10] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 679.
4. Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 159, 160. ISBN 978-1780230306.
5. Bryer, Anthony (1965). "Ludovico da Bologna and the Georgian and Anatolian Embassy of 1460–1461". Bedi Kartlisa. 19–20: 182.
6. Stanley, Henry Edward John; Grey, Charles, eds. (2010) [1873]. "Travels of Ambrosio Contarini". Travels to Tana and Persia, and A Narrative of Italian Travels in Persia in the 15th and 16th Centuries. Cambridge University Press. pp. 119, 139. ISBN 9781108010818.
7. Javakhishvili, Ivane (1982). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. pp. 272–273, 303–304.
8. Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Rapports sur un voyage archéologique dans la Géorgie et dans l'Arménie, 1re Livraison [Report on archaeological voyages in Georgia and Armenia, Vol. 1] (in French). St.-Petersbourg: Imprimerie de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences. pp. 95–96.
9. Toumanoff, Cyrille (1990). Les dynasties de la Caucasie Chrétienne: de l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle: tables généalogiques et chronologique [Dynasties of Christian Caucasia from Antiquity to the 19th century: genealogical and chronological tables] (in French). Rome. pp. 202–203.