Shakala Shakha

Śākala Shākha (Sanskrit:शाकल शाखा) is the oldest shakha ("branch" or "recension") of Rigveda. The Śākala tradition is mainly followed in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Even though Mahābhāṣya of Patanjali refers to twenty one Shakhas of rigveda; according to Śaunaka's Caraṇa-vyuha there are five shakhas for the Rig Veda, the Śākala, Bāṣkala, Aśvalāyana, Śaṅkhāyana, and Māṇḍukāyana of which only the Śākala and Bāṣkala and very few of Asvalayana are now extant. The only complete recension of this text known today is of the Shakala School.[1] As far as Rigveda is concerned only Shakala Shakha alone remains alive out of 21 which existed at one time. There is a claim that Śaṅkhāyana Shakha is still known for few Vedapathis in Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat but this is not certain.[2]

The main Samhita for Śākala Shākha is the Shakala Samhita and the corresponding brahmana is Aitareya Brahmana. The main Upanishad of the Śākala Shākha is Aitareya Upanishad. The Shrauta Sutra for Śākala Shākha is Ashvalayana Shrauta Sutra and the Grihya Sutra is Ashvalayana Grhya Sutra. The Aranyaka of Śākala Shākha is Aitareya Aranyaka.[3][1][4][1][5][6]

Shiksha

Shiksha as a term for phonetics, is first used in Taittirīya Upanishad, which gives its various components which include Varna (individual sounds) and Svara (accent). The Pratishakhyas are among the earlier texts of Shiksha. Pratishakhya literally means " belonging to each Shakha". In Rigveda the Pratishakhya available today is ascribed to Shaunaka. This is also known as Shakala Pratishakhya and belongs to Shaishiriya Shaka, a branch of "Shakala Shakha".[7]

References
  1. Dalal 2014, p. 18.
  2. Kireet Joshi (1991). The Veda and Indian Culture: An Introductory Essay. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p. 91. ISBN 9788120808898.
  3. Dalal 2014, p. 61.
  4. Laurie L. Patton (27 June 2005). Bringing the Gods to Mind: Mantra and Ritual in Early Indian Sacrifice. University of California Press. p. 200. ISBN 9780520930889. Retrieved 27 June 2005.
  5. Hermann Oldenberg, trans., Max Müller, ed. Sacred Books of the East Vol. XXIX, "The Grihya-sûtras, rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies", part 1, Oxford, The Clarendon press 1886
  6. Hermann Oldenberg, trans., Max Müller, trans. Sacred Books of the East Vol. XXX, "The Grihya-sûtras, rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies", part 2, Oxford, The Clarendon press 1892
  7. Dalal 2014, p. 75.

Bibliography
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