Sequential (company)
Sequential is an American synthesizer company founded in 1974 as Sequential Circuits by Dave Smith. In 1978, Sequential released the Prophet-5, the first programmable polyphonic synthesizer, used by artists including Michael Jackson, Madonna, and John Carpenter. Sequential was also pivotal to the development of MIDI in 1982, which synchronizes electronic instruments by different manufacturers.
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| Formerly |
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|---|---|
| Founded | 1974 |
| Headquarters | 1527 Stockton Street San Francisco, California, U.S. |
Key people | Dave Smith (founder) |
| Products | Synthesizers |
| Brands | Prophet |
| Website | sequential.com |
In 1987, Sequential went out of business and was purchased by Yamaha. Smith continued to develop instruments through a new company, Dave Smith Instruments. In 2015, Yamaha returned the Sequential Circuits trademark to Dave Smith Instruments, which rebranded as Sequential in 2018.
History
1974 —1980: Founding, first products, and Prophet-5
Engineer Dave Smith founded Sequential Circuits in San Francisco in 1974.[1] The first Sequential Circuits product was an analog sequencer for use with Moog and ARP synthesizers, followed by a digital sequencer and the Model 700 Programmer, which allowed users to program Minimoog and ARP 2600 synthesizers.[1] The Model 800, launched in 1975, was controlled and programmed with a microprocessor.[2]
At the time, Smith had a full-time job working with microprocessors, then a new technology. He conceived the idea of combining them with synthesizer chips to create a programmable synthesizer, but did not pursue the idea, assuming Moog or ARP would design the instrument first.[1] When no instrument emerged, in early 1977, he quit his job to work full-time on a design for the Prophet-5, the first fully programmable polyphonic synthesizer. He demonstrated it at NAMM in January 1978 and shipped the first models later that year.[1] Unlike its nearest competitor, the Yamaha CS-80, the Prophet-5 had patch memory, allowing users to store sounds rather than having to reprogram them manually.[3]
The Prophet-5 became a market leader and industry standard.[3] It has been used by pop and hip hop musicians such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Dr Dre, and by film composers such as John Carpenter.[3] It was followed by the larger Prophet-10, which was less successful as it was notorious for unreliability.[4] The smaller Pro-One, essentially a monophonic Prophet-5,[5] saw more success.[3]
1981—1982: MIDI
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In 1981, Ikutaro Kakehashi, founder of the Japanese synthesizer company Roland, contacted Smith about creating a standardized means of synchronizing electronic instruments manufactured by different companies.[6] Smith and Sequential engineer Chet Wood designed an interface using Roland's Digital Control Bus (DCB) as a basis.[7] This standard was discussed and modified by representatives of Roland, Yamaha, Korg, and Kawai.[8][9]:20 The protocol was named Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)[10]:4 and unveiled by Kakehashi and Smith, who received Technical Grammy Awards in 2013 for their work.[11][12][13] In 1982, Sequential released the Prophet 600, one of the first MIDI-equipped synthesizers.
1987: Closure
In 1987, Sequential Circuits went out of business. Smith blamed the decision to move to computer audio in 1985: "We were too small and under-capitalized, and we were a few years too early in the market ... It drained our resources, so by the time we pulled back to professional instruments, it was too late."[1] Sequential Circuits was purchased by the Japanese corporation Yamaha, who shut it down in 1989. Smith moved to Korg, where he worked mainly on the Wavestation synthesizer.[1]
2002 —2014: Dave Smith Instruments
In 2002, after several years working on software synthesis, Smith opened a new company, Dave Smith Instruments (DSI), to build new hardware. Its first product was the Evolver synthesizer in 2002.[1] In 2008, DSI launched the Prophet '08, conceived as an affordable analog eight-voice synthesizer.[1]
2015 —present: return to Sequential
In January 2015, Yamaha returned the Sequential Circuits brands to Smith in a goodwill gesture. This was at the encouragement of Kakehashi, who had worked with Smith to create MIDI. Kakehashi said: "I feel that it’s important to get rid of unnecessary conflict among electronic musical instrument companies. That is exactly the spirit of MIDI. For this reason, I personally recommended that the President of Yamaha, Mr. Nakata, return the rights to the Sequential name to Dave Smith."[14]
In 2015, Smith announced the Prophet-6, described as a spiritual successor to the Prophet-5.[15] In May 2018, Sequential announced the Prophet-X, featuring both sample playback and digitally controlled oscillators.[16] On August 31, 2018, the 40th anniversary of the Prophet-5, Dave Smith Instruments rebranded as Sequential.[17] On September 30, 2020, Sequential announced an updated reissue of the original Prophet-5.[18]
References
- "Keyboardmag: Dave Smith in His Own Words". 2013-06-11. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- Dean, Roger T. (2009). "Hardware Digital Synthesizers and How They Developed". The Oxford Handbook of Computer Music. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-533161-5.
in 1975 the newly established company Sequential Circuits had, as one of its first products, an analog CV sequencer controlled and programmed with a microprocessor.
- "The 14 most important synths in electronic music history – and the musicians who use them". FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music. 2016-09-15. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- Reid, Gordon (March 1999). "Sequential Circuits – Prophet Synthesizers 5 & 10 (Retro)". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
- "SCI Pro1". Sound on Sound. March 1994. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015.
- "The life and times of Ikutaro Kakehashi, the Roland pioneer modern music owes everything to". FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music. 2017-04-02. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
- Kirn, Peter (2011). Keyboard Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-61713-446-3. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017.
- Chadabe, Joel (1 May 2000). "Part IV: The Seeds of the Future". Electronic Musician. Penton Media. XVI (5). Archived from the original on 28 September 2012.
- Holmes, Thom. Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition. New York: Routledge, 2003
- Huber, David Miles (1991). The MIDI Manual. Carmel, Indiana: SAMS. ISBN 9780672227578.
- "Technical GRAMMY Award: Ikutaro Kakehashi And Dave Smith". Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- "Ikutaro Kakehashi, Dave Smith: Technical GRAMMY Award Acceptance". Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- Vail, Mark (2014). The Synthesizer. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-539481-8.
- "Yamaha Returns Sequential Brand to Dave Smith". Music Trades. 163 (2): 30. March 2015.
- "Review: Sequential Prophet-6 Analog Synth". KeyboardMag. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
- "Dave Smith reveals Sequential Prophet X |". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
- Advisor, Resident. "Dave Smith Instruments rebrands as Sequential". Resident Advisor. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
- Rogerson, Ben (October 2020). "Sequential announces a new Prophet-5, a faithful reboot of one of the greatest synths of all time". MusicRadar. Retrieved 2020-11-27.