Semyon Desnitsky

Semyon Efimovich Desnitsky (Russian: Семён Ефимович Десницкий; c. 1740 in Nezhin, Russian Empire – June 26, 1789 in Moscow, Russian Empire) was a Russian legal scholar. He was known as a disciple of Adam Smith and introduced his ideas to the Russian public.[1][2] He was also the first academic to deliver his lectures in Russian language rather than in Latin.

Semyon Desnitsky
Born1760
Nezhin
Died(1798-06-26)June 26, 1798
Moscow
EducationDoctor of Science (1767)
Alma materImperial Moscow University (1760)
Scientific career
InstitutionsImperial Moscow University

Biography

Desnitsky was born in Nizhyn, present-day Ukraine. He was the second son of a meschanin, a member of the petty bourgeoisie. After a brief spell in the Trinity Lavra seminary, he attended Moscow University, starting in 1759. He went to continue his education at the University of Glasgow, where he studied with Adam Smith. In 1767, upon receiving a doctor of laws degree (LLD), he returned to Russia and was appointed professor of law at Moscow University.

Desnitsky was the first Russian professor to question the authority of Samuel von Pufendorf on legal matters and the first to introduce the doctrines of Adam Smith and David Hume to Russian students.[3][4] He also translated the works of Sir William Blackstone (Commentaries of the laws of England) and advocated equality of the sexes in family law.

Desnitsky pioneered the comparative approach to the study of law and regarded property as a cornerstone of every legal system. There was a great outcry over his rejection of Latin as the sole language of instruction; but Catherine II of Russia personally settled the issue in his favour.

Notes
  1. Scott, W.R. (1937). Adam Smith as Student and Professor. Glasgow: Jackson Son & Co. pp. 158n. & 424 ff.
  2. Raphael, D.D. (1985). Adam Smith. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 18.
  3. Smith, Adam (1978). Meek, R.L.; Raphael, D.D.; Stein, P.G. (eds.). Lectures on Jurisprudence (The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 27.
  4. Smith, Adam (1976). Raphael, D.D.; Macfie A.L. (eds.). The Theory of Moral Sentiments (The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 31–32.

References
  • Brown A.H., "The Father of Russian Jurisprudence: The Legal Thought of S.E. Desnitskii", in William E. Butler (1977), Russian Law: Historical and Political Perspectives, Berlin: Springer, pp. 117–41.
  • Butler, William E. (2009). Russia and the Law of Nations in Historical Perspective: Collected Essays. London: Wildy, Simmonds & Hill. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-884445-42-2.

See also
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