Section 123 Agreement

Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1][2] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[3] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-three 123 Agreements with 48 countries.[4] Countries with which the U.S. has or had or is working towards having a 123 Agreement include:

• Morocco[5]
• Ukraine[6][7]

• Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)[8]
• Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)[8]
• China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)[8]
• Switzerland
• India (With advance consent to reprocessing)[9]
• Russia (On September 8, 2008 Pres. George W. Bush notified the United States Congress that there was no basis for further consideration of a 123 agreement with Russia.)[10]
• United Arab Emirates[11]
• Egypt[12]
• Thailand[7]
• Argentina[7]
• Australia[7]
• Bangladesh[7]
• Brazil[7]
• Canada[7]
• Colombia[7]
• Indonesia[7]
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)[7]
• Turkey[7]
• Kazakhstan[7]
• Republic of Korea[7]
• South Africa[7]
• Taiwan[7]

Proposed

• Romania[13]

References

1. "NUREG0980 Vol.1,No.6 - Nuclear Regulatory Legislation" (PDF). Retrieved June 2002. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
2. Kerr, Paul K.; Nikitin, Mary Beth D. (December 27, 2016). Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
3. Nuclear Nonproliferation Issue, Issue Brief for Congress, May 10, 2002.
4. "123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation". National Nuclear Security Administration.
5. "NRC: SECY-01-0033 - Proposed Renewal of the Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Morocco". Retrieved 2001-03-02.
6. "NRC: SECY-98-62 - Proposed Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Ukraine". Retrieved 1998-04-01. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
7. 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
8. "Long haul ahead". Retrieved 2007-06-29.
9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-10-01. Retrieved 2008-09-28.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
10. "Statement on U.S.-Russia 123 Agreement". Retrieved 2008-09-09.
11. UAE Embassy, Press Release, December 17, 2009
12. State Department, November 10, 2008
13. "NRC: SECY-98-006 - Proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the U.S. and Romania". Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved 1998-01-12. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

External links

123 Agreement With India

• Text of 123 Agreement with India
• Details of Indian 123 Agreement package before Congress

123 Agreement With UAE

• U.S. to Sign Nuclear Pact With U.A.E. Wall Street Journal, January 14, 2009
• U.S.-United Arab Emirates Memorandum of Understanding on Nuclear Energy Cooperation, State Department
• Resources on the United Arab Emirates Nuclear Energy Program
• Voice of America News, December 12, 2008