Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater

The Duke of Bridgewater
His Grace; The Duke of Bridgewater
	His Grace The 1st Duke of Bridgewater
Personal details
Born	11 August 1681
Died	11 January 1744 (aged 62)
Spouse(s)	Lady Elizabeth Churchill (m. 1703; died 1714) Lady Rachael Russell; (m. 1722)
Children	John Egerton, Viscount Brackley; Anne Russell, Duchess of Bedford; Louisa Leveson-Gower, Marchioness of Stafford; Lady Caroline Egerton; Charles Egerton, Marquess of Brackley; John Egerton, 2nd Duke of Bridgewater; Lord William Egerton; Diana Calvert, Baroness Baltimore; Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater;
Parents	John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater; Lady Jane Paulet
Alma mater	Whitgift School

Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater (11 August 1681 – 11 January 1744), known as Viscount Brackley from 1687 to 1701 and as the 4th Earl of Bridgewater from 1701 to 1720, was a British peer, courtier and pioneering landowner.

Born of the Egerton family, he succeeded as 4th Earl of Bridgewater in 1701, before being created Duke of Bridgewater on 18 June 1720, with subsidiary titles including Marquess of Brackley.

Early life

Egerton arms: Argent a Lion rampant Gules between three Pheons Sable[1]

Scroop Egerton was born on 11 August 1681, the third son of John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, and his second wife, Lady Jane Paulet. His maternal grandparents were Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, and his second wife, Mary Scrope, natural daughter of Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland.[2]

Scroop Egerton is recorded as being educated at the Whitgift School, Croydon.[3]

Career

Arms of the Dukes of Bridgewater (19c-style)

Bridgewater served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire, first from 1702 to 1711 and next from 1714 to 1728, being a Whig. He was first appointed to the household of Prince George as Gentleman of the Bedchamber and Master of the Horse. He later served as Lord Chamberlain to Caroline, Princess of Wales, and subsequently as Lord of the Bedchamber to her husband as King George II.[4] Scroop Egerton commissioned the building of Brackley's new Town Hall in 1704.

Family life

On 9 February 1703, Bridgewater married his first wife, Lady Elizabeth, daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and the former Sarah Jenyns. The couple had two children:

Lady Anne and John Egerton, Viscount Brackley; painted by Charles Jervas, 1716

John Egerton, Viscount Brackley (b. 1703/4, d. 1718/9) died at age 14 at Eton College, Windsor, Berkshire, England. He was buried on 5 February 1718/19 at Little Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, England. He was styled as Viscount Brackley between 1704 and 1719.[5]
Lady Anne Egerton (d. 1762); married first Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford, and, secondly William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey.

The Countess of Bridgewater died on 22 March 1714. About eight years later, on 4 August 1722, Bridgewater married his second wife, Lady Rachael, daughter of Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford, and Elizabeth née Howland. The couple had seven children:

Lady Louisa Egerton (30 April 1723 –14 March 1761); married Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford.
Lady Caroline Egerton (b. 21 May 1724).
Charles Egerton, Marquess of Brackley (27 July 1725 –2 May 1731).
John Egerton, 2nd Duke of Bridgewater (29 April 1727 –26 February 1748).
Lord William Egerton (15 January 1728 –10 February 1729).
Lady Diana Egerton (3 March 1731/2 –13 August 1758); married Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore on 9 March 1753.[6] The union was not a success, and the couple spent most of their married life apart. They had no children, and in May 1756 they were formally separated, due to an "incompatibility of temper".[7] In 1758, Lady Diana "died from a hurt she received by a fall out of a Phaethon carriage", while accompanied by her husband. Although Lord Baltimore was suspected of foul play, no charges were ever brought.[7]
Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (21 May 1736 –8 March 1803).[8]

References

Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1077, Duke of Sutherland
http://www.burkespeerage.com: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage (2003), pp.1233-4
www.whitgift.co.uk
www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk
G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 314.
Walpole, Horace, p.278, A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of England, Scotland, and Ireland: with Lists of Their Works:, Vol 5. Retrieved 24 Jan 2010.
www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org Retrieved August 2012
http://www.debretts.com: Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage (2015)

Bibliography

Mosley, Charles (2010). Burke's Peerage & Baronetage. London: Cassells.
Kidd, Charles (2015). Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage. London: Debretts Publishing Ltd.

External links

Collins' Peerage
www.thePeerage.com
www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org Retrieved August 2012
www.ashridgehouse.org.uk

Court offices
New title	Lord Chamberlain to Caroline, Princess of Wales 1714–1717	Succeeded by The Earl of Grantham
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Viscount Newhaven	Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire 1703–1711	Succeeded by The Duke of Kent
Preceded by The Viscount Newhaven	Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire 1714–1728	Succeeded by The Viscount Cobham
Peerage of England
Preceded by John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater	Earl of Bridgewater 2nd creation 1701–1744	Succeeded by John Egerton, 5th Earl (and 2nd Duke)
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation	Duke of Bridgewater 1720–1744	Succeeded by John Egerton, 2nd Duke of Bridgewater

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[1] Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1077, Duke of Sutherland

[2] ttp://www.burkespeerage.com: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage (2003), pp.1233-4

[3] www.whitgift.co.uk

[4] www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk

[5] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 314.

[Walpole_p.278-6] Walpole, Horace, p.278, A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of England, Scotland, and Ireland: with Lists of Their Works:, Vol 5. Retrieved 24 Jan 2010.

[epsom-7] www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org Retrieved August 2012

[8] ttp://www.debretts.com: Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage (2015)