Schizotequatrovirus

Schizotequatrovirus (formerly Schizot4virus) is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae, in the subfamily Tevenvirinae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently three species in this genus, including the type species Vibrio virus KVP40.[3][4][5]

Schizotequatrovirus
Electron micrograph of a virion of species Schizotequattrovirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Uroviricota
Class: Caudoviricetes
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Myoviridae
Subfamily: Tevenvirinae
Genus: Schizotequatrovirus
Type species
Vibrio virus KVP40
Species[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Schizot4likevirus
  • Schizot4virus

Taxonomy

The following list is a map of T4virus species according to ICTV Master Species List (MSL) 2018a v1:[6]

Group: dsDNA

  • Genus: Schizotequatrovirus (formerly Schizot4virus, Schizot4likevirus)
  • Vibrio virus KVP40
  • Vibrio virus nt1 (formerly Vibrio virus nt-1)
  • Vibrio virus ValKK3

Structure
Schematic drawing of a virion of Vibrio virus KVP40 (cross section and side view)

The virions of Schizotequatrovirus are nonenveloped, with a head and tail. The head is a prolate spheroid approximately 140 nm in length and 70 nm in width. The tail is around 140 nm long, has 6 long terminal fibers, 6 short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction.[3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
SchizotequatrovirusHead-TailT=13 Q=21Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Genome

Genomes are linear.[3] All three species have been fully sequenced. They range between 244k and 248k nucleotides, with 381 to 405 proteins. The complete genomes are available from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), along with the complete genome for Vibrio phage VH7D, an unclassified virus strain.[5]

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
SchizotequatrovirusBacteriaNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion

History

According to ICTV's 2010–11 report, the genus Schizot4likevirus was first accepted as a new genus, at the same time as its type species Vibrio phage KVP40, as well as its containing subfamily Tevenvirinae. At the same time, Vibrio phage nt-1 was moved into the genus from its previous classification in T4-like viruses (now T4virus). This proposal is available here.[7] In 2015, the genus was renamed to Schizot4virus. In 2019, with Master Species List 34, the genus was renamed again, now to Schizotequatrovirus[4]

References
  1. "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  2. "ICTV Taxonomy history: Schizot4virus" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  3. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  4. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2015 Release". Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  5. NCBI. "Schizot4virus Complete Genomes". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  6. https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/7992 ICTV MSL 2018a v1]
  7. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2013 Release". Retrieved 13 February 2015.

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