Scalzi, Venice

Santa Maria di Nazareth is a Roman Catholic Carmelite church in Venice, northern Italy. It is also called Church of the Scalzi (Chiesa degli Scalzi) being the seat in the city of the Discalced Carmelites religious order (Scalzi in Italian means "barefoot"). Located in the sestiere of Cannaregio, near Venezia Santa Lucia railway station, it was built in the mid 17th century to the designs of Baldassarre Longhena and completed in the last decades of that century.

Chiesa degli Scalzi
Chiesa degli Scalzi
Religion
AffiliationRoman Catholic
ProvinceVenice
Location
LocationVenice, Italy
Shown within Venice
Scalzi, Venice (Italy)
Geographic coordinates45°26′28″N 12°19′20″E
Architecture
Architect(s)Baldassarre Longhena,
Giuseppe Sardi (facade)
TypeChurch
StyleBaroque
Completed1680

Exterior

The facade in Venetian Late Baroque style, was financed by the aristocrat Gerolamo Cavazza, and erected by Giuseppe Sardi, from 1672 to 1680. The four first-floor statues, the statue of the Virgin and Child, and the statues of Saint Catherine of Siena and St Thomas Aquinas are sculpted by Bernardo Falconi.

  • Bartholomew the Apostle by Bernardo Falconi
  • Campanile

Interior

The first chapel to the right has a statue of St John of the Cross, attributed to Falconi. The statues of Faith, Hope, and Charity are by Tommaso Rues. The third chapel on the left has a statue of St Sebastian (1669) with bronze bas-reliefs also attributed to Falconi.

The vault

The vault of the church nave once housed a major fresco by Giambattista Tiepolo depicting the Translation of the House of Loreto. Tiepolo had previously worked in the church, decorating the vaults of the chapel of St Teresa in 1727-1730 and chapel of Crucifix in 1732-33. He had also painted a Virgin of Mount Carmel for the Carmelite church of St Aponal; thus was well known to the order. Thus in 1743, Tiepolo arranged to work alongside Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna, who provided quadratura for 1500 ducats; Tiepolo painted a daring vision of the flying House, transported by angels, which repels falling winged figures of heresy and falsehood (completed in 1745). The frescoes were destroyed by an Austrian bombardment from the mainland during October 24, 1915. From 1929 to 1933, Ettore Tito painted canvases and frescoes to repair the damage. The remains of the fragments of Tiepolo's work are now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia.[1] It’s possible to see a real and complete view of this work with a 1914 picture by James Anderson, a 1914 copy by Mariano Fortuny and a 2020 drawing by Olivier Maceratesi.[2]


Inside facade

Above the door: organ with carved and gilded decorations and reliefs. Above the organ: lunette Santa Teresa crowned by the Savior (18th century) by G. Lazzarini.

The Choir

The altar was completed by Giuseppe Pozzo. Choir ceiling by Giuseppe and Domenico Valeriani.

  • Main Altar
  • Choir Ceiling

Chapel Mora

Attributed to the Mora family. Built by Baldassare Longhena. The altarpiece with four columns of black jasper shows a statue of Saint John the Baptist in Carrara marble (late seventeenth century) by Melchior Barthel. A ceiling fresco depicts the eternal Father in glory (seventeenth century) by Pietro Liberi. Giambattista Mora is buried at the foot of the altar.

Chapel Ruzzini

Attributed to the Ruzzini family. The altar was built and designed by Giuseppe Pozzo. The altarpiece: Ecstasy of Santa Teresa (1697) by Heinrich Meyring. On the vault a fresco The Gloria of St. Teresa (1720-1725) by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. The side walls: two paintings by Niccolò Bambini; The left painting Saint Joseph appears to Saint Teresa and saves her from a dangerous encounter on the right: The miracle of the host; The consecrated host miraculously detaches itself from the priest's hands to wait for Saint Teresa (end of the seventeenth century) .

Chapel Manin

Here is buried the last doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin, died on 23 October 1802. The chapel was built by brother Giuseppe Pozzo. The altarpiece shows a sculpture of "The Virgin and Child and St. Joseph in the Clouds" by Giuseppe Torretto, the author of the two angels. On the side walls of the chapel: statues, Archangel Michael and Archangel Gabriel, from the same Giuseppe Torretto. The two blue glass candelabras are Murano glassworks.

Chapel Venier

Built by Sebastiano Venier (not to be confused with the doge Sebastiano Venier), abbot and apostolic protonotary, which is buried in the chapel († 1664), as well as his brother Angelo. The altarpiece shows a statue of St. Sebastian (1669) by Bernardo Falconi. The main altar is enriched with bronze bas-reliefs with episodes from the life of St. Sebastian of the same Bernardo Falconi.

  • Chapel Venier
  • Saint Sebastian by Bernardo Falconi
  • Sebastiano Venier by Bernardo Falconi
  • Angelo Venier by Bernardo Falconi

Other works of art include a St Theresa in Extasis (1697) by Heinrich Meyring and a Crucifixion by Giovanni Maria Morlaiter. Canvases by Tiepolo such as Apotheosis of St. Teresa and Christ at Gesthemane (1732) are displayed prominently in the church.

The ashes of Ludovico Manin, the last Doge of Venice, are entombed here.

References
  1. Tiepolo, 1696-1770 pages 295-301.
  2. https://onlinedrawingdotfr.wordpress.com/copie-le-transport-de-la-sainte-maison-de-lorette-par-giambattista-tiepolo-1696-1770/
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